Gender Based Violence in Ten Districts of Tanzania Baseline Survey | Habari | Michezo | Mahusiano

Gender Based Violence in Ten Districts of Tanzania Baseline Survey

GENDER EQUITY AND WOMEN EMPOWEREMENT II:
GBV COMPONENT

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN TEN DISTRICTS OF TANZANIA

BASELINE SURVEY

DECEMBER 2012

Contents
Abbreviations and Acronyms …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
Background ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20
1.2 Prevention and Response to GBV Project …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27
1.3. Study Objective ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
1.4 Purpose of the Survey on GBV………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
2.0 Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 31
2.1 Study Area and Design ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
2.2 Sample Selection and Size …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
2.3 Key informants …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
2.4 Study Team ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
2.5 Methods and Tools of Data Collection ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34
2.6 Data Analysis and Management …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
4.0 Key Baseline Study’s’ Findings ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 36
4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Households …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
4.2 Social Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37
4.3 Media Coverage on GBV …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
4.4 Civil Society and Political Participation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
4.5 Knowledge in GBV Laws ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47
4.6 Ability of Women to Express Their Opinion in Public Meeting …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49
4.7 Reporting of GBV Cases ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
4.8 GBV Education ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
4.9 Relationship with Policy Makers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
4.10 Awareness of Respondents on “Rights” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55
4.11 Understanding of Gender Equality …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55
4.12 Understanding of Women Empowerment ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55
4.13 Self Image/Confidence and Social Position ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58
5.0 Feedback from Key informant and Focus Group Discussions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 61
5.1 Understanding of gender based violence ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
5.2 Causes of Gender Based Violence ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 62
5.3 Understanding “Equality”, “Empowerment”, and “Right” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
5.4 Reporting of GBV Cases and Responses ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
5.4.1 GBV cases responses ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72
5.4.2 GBV perpetrators ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 73
5.4.3 Problems on gender based violence to female children …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 73
5.5 Procedures followed after GBV case has been reported …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 73
5.5.1 The GBV cases challenges …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 74
5.5.2 Problems associated with GBV incidences to the survivor ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 75
5.5.3 Improvement needed to eradicate gender based violence……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 76
5.5.4 Causes of GBV cases Delays ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 78
5.5.5 Survivors of Gender Based Violence ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 80
5.5.6 The Effects of Gender Based Violence ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 80
5.5.7 Reduction of GBV Effects ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 83
5.5.8 Resources for Dealing with GBV Cases …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 84
6.0 Baseline Indicators ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 86
6.1 GEWE II Outputs Indicators …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 86
6.2 Media Programmes on GBV ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 88
7.0 Recommendations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 90
6.1 General suggestions by the Survey Participants ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 90
6.2 Key Action Points for GEWE II ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 93
Appendices ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 97
Appendix I: Questionnaire ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 97
Appendix II : Questions to Media houses …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 129
Appendix III: Questions to GEWE II partners (TAMWA, TGNP, CRC, TAWLA, ZAFELA) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 132
Appendix Iv: Question Guidelines for Key Informant Interviews …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 145
Appendix V: Question Guides for Key Informant Interviews – Health Personnel ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 148
Appendix Vi: Question Guides for Key Informant Interviews – Police Personnel ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 150
Appendix Vii : Question Guides for Key Informant Interviews – Teacher ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 152
Appendix VII: Question Guidelines for Focus Group Discussions …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 154
Appendix Viii: Focal Group Discussions – Out of School Youth – Female Only ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 156
Appendix Ix: Focal Group Discussions – School Children – Female Only ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 159

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AG Attorney General

ASP Assistant Superintendent of Police

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

CBOs Community Based Organizations

CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women

CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child

CSOs Civil Society Organizations

CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against

DCI Director of Criminal Investigation

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DMO District Medical officer

DPP Director of Public Prosecutions

DSWO District Social Welfare Office

FGD Focus Group Discussion

FGM Female Genital Mutilation

GBV Gender Based Violence

GEWE II Gender Equity and Women Empowerment II

HBS Household Budget Survey

HIV Human Immune Deficiency Virus

KI Key Informants

MDGs Millennium Declaration and Development Goals

MKUKUTA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umaskini Tanzania

MoEVT Ministry of Education and Vocational Training

NGOs Non-Government Organizations

NSGD National Strategy for Gender Development

PEP Post Exposure Prophylaxis

PF3 form Police Form 3

PSLE Primary School Leaving Examination

REPOA Research on Poverty Alleviation

SADC Southern African Development Community

SGBV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

SV Sexual Violence

STIs Sexually Transmitted Infections

TAMWA Tanzania Media Women’s Association

TB Tuberculosis

TGNP Tanzania Gender Networking Programme

THMIS Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey

TV Television

UDSM University of Dar Es Salaam

UN United Nations

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UN-SC United Nations Security Council

VAW Violence against Women

SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

SV Sexual Violence

STIs Sexually Transmitted Infections

UN United Nations

VAW Violence against Women

VEO Village Executive Officer

VETA Vocational Education and Training Authority

ZAFELA Zanzibar Female Lawyers Association

Definition of Terms

Domestic violence

Refers to a pattern of abusive behaviors by one or both partners in an
intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family, friends, or
cohabitation.

Economic abuse

Refers to any act of preventing someone from having access to
resources, refusing to meet the fundamental needs (food, drink, clothing,
shelter, etc …) of a family member (wife, child, father, mother,
grandfather or grandmother) or of the whole family.

Emotional and
psychological abuse:

It refers to picking on children, abducting children ; controlling the
outings and the relationships ; imposing specific behaviour, despising,
undermining the value of a person, denigrating a person, bullying,
keeping somebody in the background, refusing to speak ; threatening,
threatening with death, use of emotional blackmail, insulting, debasing.

Gender

It denotes the social characteristics assigned to men and women by a
given society

Gender equity

It is the process of being fair to women and men. To ensure fairness,
strategies and measures must often be available to compensate for

women historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and
men from otherwise operating on a level field.

Gender equality

Refers to the premise that women and men should equally benefit from
resources, services and chances within their societies. Gender equality
does not mean sameness of women and men, but that women and men
must have equal rights, chances and opportunities in all areas of the
economy and society if real sustainable economic and social
development is to be achieved.

Gender-Based Violence
(GBV)

It is any act perpetrated against somebody’s will and resulting from the
biological characteristics of her/his specific role as a sexual human
being. It happens due to beliefs, traditions, behavior or attitudes that are
harmful towards the individuals according to their sex.

According to CEDAW GBV refers to incidents, gestures, situations or
words likely to compromise the physical and moral integrity of another
human being constitute acts of violence.

TAMWA define GBV as an umbrella term for any act, omission, or
conduct that is perpetuated against a person’s will and that is based on
socially ascribed differences (gender) between males and females.

Human rights

Basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to regardless of
nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, race, religion, language, or

other status

Physical violence:

It refers to slapping, beating with or without an

object, threatening with a weapon, attempts to strangle or murder,
locking a person in or preventing them from going out, abandonment on
the roadside (by ordering out of the car), preventing a person from going
.to one’s home.

Sex

It refers to the biological characteristics of a male or female person
(anim13.al). These characteristics are congenital and their differences
limited to their physiological reproductive functions.

11.

sexual gender-based
violence

It is GBV that is linked to sex, whose compelling forces are related to
family, economic, social, and cultural precedents that encourage
unequal power relationships between men and women, conferring an
attitude of superiority and domination on the perpetrator and an attitude
of subordination on the victim

12.

Sexual abuse

Refers to any act of forcing someone to have intercourse under duress,
imposing unwanted sexual practices and touching, forced sexual

intercourse with other people; rape and sexual abuse of children,
defilement and incest, forced sodomy

13.

Survivor

It refers to someone, a child or an adult male or female, who has been
physically, sexually, and/or psychologically violated because of his/her
gender

14.

Violence»

It refers to violent behavior as a means of control and oppression under
the emotional, physical, social, economic aspect of coercion

15.

Verbal abuse:

It refers to insults, vulgar words

16.

Women empowerment

It refers to provisioning of resources to women in disadvantaged
situations, so that they can strengthen their capacities in order to fully
participate in the community and to articulate their interests

Executive Summary

The survey was conducted by TAMWA research team, supported by DANIDA. The Overall Objective of the Survey
was: To establish the status of gender based violence in the project districts of Kinondoni, Ilala, Kisarawe, Wete,
Unguja West, Mvomero,, Lindi Rural, Ruangwa, Newala and Unguja South The study objectives is To establish benchmarks to
each indicator for project implementation which will be the basis for regular monitoring of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment
Initiatives.

Methodology:

The survey was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods. Data was collected from households, focus
group discussion and key informants.

Key Findings:

Tanzania’s commitment to gender equality is clearly indicated in its Constitution and in the signing and/or ratification of
major international instruments that promote gender equality and human rights. At regional level, Tanzania has signed
and/or ratified number of instruments including; African Union Charter and its Protocol on Human and Peoples’ Rights;
Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa (2003); Southern African Development Community (SADC) Gender Declaration
(1997) and its Addendum on the Prevention of Violence against Women and Children of Southern Africa (1998); and
SADC Protocol on Gender and Development (2008).

National legal, policy and institutional frameworks are conducive to the promotion of gender equality and women’s empowerment.
Key components of the policy framework include; The Tanzanian Development Vision 2025; National Strategy for Growth and

Reduction of Poverty 2005-2010 (MKUKUTA); National Women and Gender Development Policy 2000, and the associated
National Strategy for Gender Development (NSGD) 2005.

A total of 2300 households were interviewed, 240 from each district except for Kisarawe which had 122. Of the
respondents 23.6% were male and 76.4 were females. Majority of the respondents were from age group 20-39. About
82.1% of respondents had completed primary education with very few 2.1% completed college/university education. As
regards to employment 62.6% engaged in Agriculture and very few in mining1.8%. Majority of respondents are married
monogamous and about 10.9% are divorced. 81.9% knows how to read and write but Lindi rural has the lowest about
59.6%. About 50.1% of respondents lives with about one to two dependants and Lindi rural is leading with 61.9%. In
terms of engagement into income generating activities only 14% are member of income generating activities.

On decision making only 44.5% have ability to sale their assets without permission from their husbands and 13.5% are
members of community based associations, particularly women association 34.8%. Majority have joined the community
based association about two years ago 36.6%. About 28.9% are board member/holding a leadership position and 69.6 %
have voted in the last parliamentary election in 2010. Of those who voted 97.5% decided to vote themselves without the
influence of their husbands.

As regards to media coverage of GBV 56.9% acknowledged that they have heard/read special radio, television and
newspaper programme for the last twelve months and radio programme was leading 56.8%. The most popular GBV
theme in the media was physical violence 26.6% followed by gender equality 20.6%.

On knowledge in GBV, only 17.8% are aware of GBV laws and only 5.0% of women are able to express their opinion in
the public meeting, local government, religious leaders meeting on GBV. About 4.8% of women are member of council

advisory team for any community conflict resolution.

Gender case reporting faces big challenge of under reporting and majority of GBV cases are reported at local
government authorities 46.7%. Knowledge of GBV is low among the women only 10.8% have GBV education. As
regards to quality of relationship and credibility between women and policy makers the status is not encouraging only
28.0% acknowledged that there has been some improvement of relationship. Awareness of rights among women are
also very low relatively right to education is more familiar 37.3 % than any other right. The concept of Gender equality is
not well known among the women only 14.2% as compared to women empowerment 22.5%. Women confidence and
particularly on making household decisions are low as well as weak in influencing important decisions in the community.

Incidents of GBV are under reported, making it difficult to ascertain the exact magnitude of the problem. Nevertheless,
the problem of GBV is a serious and difficult one to handle.

The GBV survivors fail to report due to poverty and unable to follow the costly and bureaucratic procedure of seeking
justice. The stigmatization attached to the survivor makes them withdraw from reporting. In case of defilement, some
parents see that as an opportunity of getting money from the suspected defiler.

The list of offenders includes boys, men, and male teachers. GBV has far reaching and devastating effects on the
survivor, the family, community and government. There are the emotional, psychological and social consequences of SV
which mainly affect the survivor and their family. Health related consequences which affect the survivor, the child
and even the offender especially the sexually transmitted diseases. These include reproductive health complications
and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/ AIDS. The strain on the government and community resources and
support systems were also reported.

There are no structured coping mechanisms, after GBV attack the survivor may decide; to forgive/tolerate; Husband/ wife
hibernate to somewhere else; In order to prevent girl child pregnancy many parents have decided to take their children to
hospital for family planning – Girls are taking DEPO; Others include committing suicide; and seeking help from various
areas including Police, Relatives or Paralegal centers

Recommendations are:

. Strengthening collaboration among the institutions dealing with handling GBV cases;
. The department of Social welfare should be provided with the financial support to reach to the inaccessible places
where GBV occurs;
. Social development structure should be improved to reach grassroots level;
. Hospitals and health centers should be provided with all necessary equipments and adequate medicines for GBV
survivors;
. Sensitize all medical doctors and health centers to treat GBV survivors without PF3 and then, the survivor can be
referred to various places like police and social welfare offices;
. Shortening time taken by the court on GBV cases.
. The GBV survivors need to provide full cooperation to the police.
. Education on human right and other rights should be provided in ten districts;
. Community based organizations should work and expand their services to GBV survivors in rural areas and should
not concentrate in towns only;
. There should be the law for regulating uses of communication technology, TV, phone because they are the source for
the children who practice sex at early ages;

. Social welfare office put the record on monitoring the progress of the survivor cases and their destination.
. Sensitize families not to conclude GBV cases at the family level. The most challenge is the community or family
member readiness to give the cooperation on giving details of real situation for this violence.
. Gender education is mostly needed to the society.
. The girls and women themselves need to be sensitized and empowered in school and other gatherings.
. Establishment of a system where communities are equipped with women’s rights and are able to advocate
against GBV
. There is need to establish human rights centers/ bodies in the district where the community members can
report – even the misdeeds of police since sometimes cases are mishandled because of corruption.
. There is need for more intense community sensitization on issues concerning GBV in collaboration with
local government authorities, the community, religious leaders and teachers. Also, by use of mass and
electronic media like local radio stations existing in the ten districts, masses could be reached and
awareness rose.
. Existing women groups should be used to conduct sensitization through drama. The community should be
educated about the dangers of GBV, the causes and effects as well as the ways of reporting.
. More sensitization of local government authorities, health personnel, political leadership, and religious
leaders is needed. The sensitization should cover the procedures as to when to report GBV cases and
where.
. Government to invest money so that GBV survivors are assisted with transport costs instead of the
survivors having to incur all the costs of litigation which in most cases they do not have.
. Police should be assisted and facilitated to expedite the process of investigation.

. Community policing should be further encouraged.
. Different stakeholders should be involved so that GBV cases are handled properly like the
preservation of evidence, and the knowledge that priority has to be given to medical examination.
. There should be extensive GBV education in schools so that the children are taught enough skills of how to
avoid being victim of GBV. Even the parents and the whole community need such information so that they
can look after their children as well.
. Awareness messages should be encouraged as a way of warning different categories of community about
the dangers of involving themselves in GBV.
. Counseling and guidance should be offered and given priority.
. Community should be encouraged to report GBV cases.
. There should be regular meetings and conduct talk shows to educate the community on GBV.
. There is a need of GEWE II partners to raise community awareness on all types of their rights and how to
demand them
. GEWE II should conduct community sensitization on issues of GBV. This will enable the community to be
aware and fight against it.

Key Action Points for GEWE II that need to be considered during implementation includes; Creating a common understanding on
operational definition of GEWE II terminologies of equality, gender empowerment, rights and gender based violence; Mass
Sensitization and reduction of GBV; Strengthening the Capacity of Partners advocating for Anti GBV; Establishment of one stop
responsive network on GBV; Creating awareness amongst the Community on the existing Mechanisms for Coping with GBV;

Formation of GBV Media Groups; Development of GBV Communication Strategy; Strengthening Coordination of GEWE II
implementation; and Strengthening Coordination of GEWE II monitoring and evaluation system

Background

The Constitution of Tanzania prohibits gender-based discrimination but the country’s legislation has yet to be adjusted to support
this principle. In general, legal protection for women remains limited; in part because Tanzania’s judicial authorities take into
accounts both customary and Islamic Sharia laws.

The country is a multicultural society, comprising a variety of ethnic groups and different religions. Traditional views of the role and
place of women still dominate, yet married women often face the greatest degree of discrimination. There is some evidence that
public debate on these issues is on the rise

Tanzania’s commitment to gender equality is clearly indicated in its Constitution and in the signing and/or ratification of major
international instruments that promote gender equality and human rights, including the: Human Rights Declaration (1948); United
Nations Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979); Convention on the Rights of the Child
(CRC) (1989), which has a special focus on the girl child; Beijing Platform for Action (1995) on women’s economic and political
empowerment, education and training; Vienna Human Rights Declaration (1994); Cairo Population Declaration (1994); Millennium
Declaration and Development Goals (MDGs), with MDG-3 on gender equality and women’s empowerment; and United Nations
Security Council (UN-SC) Resolution 1325 (2000) and Resolution 1820 (2006) on gender equality, protection and participation of
women in conflict resolutions, peacemaking and state-building.

At regional level, Tanzania has signed and/or ratified the following instruments: African Union Charter and its Protocol on Human
and Peoples’ Rights; Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa (2003); Southern African Development Community (SADC) Gender
Declaration (1997) and its Addendum on the Prevention of Violence against Women and Children of Southern Africa (1998); and
SADC Protocol on Gender and Development (2008).

National legal, policy and institutional frameworks are conducive to the promotion of gender equality and women’s empowerment.
The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania guarantees equality between men and women, and supports their full
participation in social, economic and political life. Key components of the policy framework include: The Tanzanian Development
Vision 2025; National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty 2005-2010 (MKUKUTA); National Women and Gender
Development Policy 2000, and the associated National Strategy for Gender Development (NSGD) 2005.

The rights of Tanzanian women within the family are poorly protected. The minimum legal age for marriage is 15 years for women
and 18 years for men, but the law allows exceptions for girls aged 14 years under “justifiable” circumstances. There is a high
incidence of early marriage in Tanzania: a 2004 United Nations report estimated that 25 per cent of girls between 15 and 19 years
of age were married, divorced or widowed. In Tanzania about 60 percent of women in Tanzania live in absolute poverty. This is a
result of the increasing poverty among the rural and urban population generally, the growing gap between the rich and poor;
women and men; and among women themselves. Tanzanian law recognizes three types of marriage: monogamous, polygamous
and potentially polygamous. Polygamy requires the agreement of the first wife. Almost one-quarter of Tanzanian women live in
polygamous marriages.

In 1998, the government passed a law on sexual assault, which addresses both rape and incest. The law also criminalizes spousal
rape, but only if the couple is legally separated. Rape is now punishable by life imprisonment or by 30 days in prison with corporal
punishment; offenders must also pay financial compensation to their GBV survivors. Despite these measures, rape remains a
serious problem. More than 10 per cent of Tanzanian women are thought to have suffered a sexual assault, but this figure may be
low because very few women register complaints.

The Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey (THMIS) 2007/08 found that four in ten women aged 20-49 years were
married before their 18th birthday, and 62 per cent married before they reached 20 years of age (Tanzania Commission for AIDS,

et al., 2008). In contrast, only one in 20 men (5 per cent) married before their 18th birthday, and 14 per cent married before age 20.
The median age at first marriage for women and men is 18.8 and 24.3 years, respectively, a difference of 5.5 years. The median
age at first marriage has risen over time from 17.6 years among women aged 45-49 years to 18.7 years among women aged 20-24
years.

The proportion of women married by age 15 declined from 16 per cent among women aged 45-49 years to 5 per cent among
women aged 15-19 years. Urban and more educated women marry at a later age.

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is common in Tanzania. On a national scale, it is estimated that one in six women have been
subjected to the practice but the incidence varies widely from region to region. Circumcision is the most common form of excision,
but infibulations (which involves closing the outer lips of the vulva) is also practiced, mainly in the northern and central Tanzania.
The practice is systematic in some ethnic groups; others groups are believed to prohibit women who have not undergone FGM
from marrying.

In Tanzania women’s legal and human rights were constrained by inadequate legal literacy among women. The main reason being
that the existing legal system does not reach the majority of women who live in rural areas. There is also discriminatory application
of statutory laws, inadequate legislative protective mechanism such as protection orders, baring orders and safety orders in the
legal system and insensitive investigations and prosecution of cases involving violence against women and children

The government of Tanzania has taken steps to improve legislation in regard to women’s ownership rights, but restrictive
customary laws are still very widespread. The 1999 Land Act gives Tanzanian women the right to obtain access to land, including
the right to own, use and sell land. The Village Land Act ensures that women are represented on land allocation committees and

land administration councils. Although Tanzania’s Law of Marriage Act grants women certain ownership rights, including access to
property other than land, customary and Islamic laws that undermine these rights prevail within the Muslim community.

A 2004 amendment to the Land Act gave Tanzanian women the right to access to bank loans. In addition, a women’s development
fund was established in 1993 to facilitate access to commercial loans and encourage women to participate in the economic sector.
However, customary practices continue to restrict women’s access to loans and credit.

Education is a key to liberation and an important tool to alleviate socio-economic problems. Women face numerous constraints to
access education and training at all levels. The problems include the unfriendly pedagogy especially in the teaching of
mathematics, technical and science subjects, which require competitiveness and some degree of assertiveness which girls often
lack. Truancy, pregnancy, economic hardships and early marriages constrain girls from completing their schooling. Existing social
attitudes favour and promote boys’ education and pay less interest in the education of girls.

The Household Budget Survey 2007 captured data for literacy. For the population over 15 years, the overall literacy rate was 72.5
per cent. There has been a slight improvement in the literacy rate for women since HBS 2000/01, from 64 to 66.1 per cent. For
men, the literacy rate remained almost the same over this period – 79.6 per cent in 2000/01 and 79.5 per cent in 2007.

There are significant gender differences in exam performance; the percentage of girls who passed the PSLE was 46 per cent in
2008 compared with 60 per cent of boys. Gender equity in enrolment begins to suffer at secondary level. Nationally, in 2009, the
percentage of all Form 1 students who were female was 44.6 per cent; in government secondary schools girls accounted for 43.9
per cent of the intake, in private secondary schools 52.6 per cent of the intake. An even bigger drop in the percentage of female
pupils comes by the end of Form 6; at that point girls account for only about one-third of the total enrolment (35 per cent in
government schools, 45 per cent in private schools).

The representation of females in enrolment at tertiary levels of education continues to decline; 34 per cent of those enrolled in
higher education institutions in 2008/09 were female (31,820 female students out of a total of 95,525) (MoEVT, 2009). Affirmative
action has led to increased enrolment of female students at the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) from 27 per cent in 2001/02 to
38 per cent in 2005/06 (UDSM, 2006).

Courses provided through the Vocational and Technical Training Authority (VETA) enrolled 114,399 students in 2008, down from
145,423 in 2007. In both years, female students accounted for 47 per cent of total enrolment, with wide variation by course, for
example, 17.6 per cent of students in engineering and other science were women compared with 64.6 per cent in health and allied
science (MoEVT, 2008).

The THMIS 2007/08 estimated national HIV prevalence among adults (aged 15-49 years) to be 5.7 per cent, down from 7 per cent
in 2004. Prevalence among women is higher than among men (6.8 per cent and 4.7 per cent respectively).

The main drivers of the epidemic are transactional sex, low condom use, trans-generational sex and gender inequalities.

Women predominate in the younger age groups and comprise an estimated 61 per cent of all adults living with HIV, a reflection of
the higher vulnerability of women to HIV infection and generally lower status of women in social and sexual contexts.

Women and men have been found to enter the labor force in different ways, and on different terms, not only in Tanzania, but
worldwide. Differences are found between women and men, as well as among different groups of women (rural-urban; rich-poor;
educated – non educated) and men.

Labor Force participation rates for females are consistently lower than for males regardless of education level. The greatest gender
disparity is found among individuals with secondary education and above.

Females are a little more likely to be unemployed than males i.e. 13 percent compared to 11 per cent of males. Agricultural
activities employ the largest share of the population, and that a larger proportion of females (79.7 per cent) are engaged in
agriculture than males (70.6 per cent).

Women have even more limited access to credit because they commonly lack ownership rights in land or property to serve as
collateral. Female-headed households represented almost 20 per cent of all households, but only 13 per cent of households who
accessed credit were female-headed. Moreover, female-headed households were much less likely to access credit through the
formal channel of cooperatives only 15 per cent obtained their credit from this source, compared with 38 per cent of male-headed
households.

Of those who were engaged in the informal sector, more than half of the men and women worked in wholesale or retail trade and
just over 14 per cent work in manufacturing. The Government will intensify efforts to encourage women to participate in
International Trade Fairs so that a wider audience sees their products. The number of women participating in International Trade
Fairs has been increasing from 100 in 1996 to 200 in 1999 and the quality of their products has improved. Efforts to mobilize
women to participate in International Trade Fair have been done by the Government and NGOs dealing with poverty alleviation and
businesswomen association. The proportion of females working in hotels and restaurants was noticeably higher than that of males.
On the other hand, the proportions of males in construction and in mining/quarrying were over four times greater than the
proportions of females in those industries.

Among reasons given for being engaged in the informal sector, over one-third of respondents reported that they could not find other
work, while nearly 40 per cent of women and one-quarter of men reported that their families needed additional income. The need
for additional income was the overriding reason for secondary activities in the informal sector.

The unemployment rate for females was higher than for males, and especially in Dar es Salaam, where 40 per cent of females
were unemployed, compared with 23 per cent of males. Unemployment rates in rural areas were much lower 8.1 per cent for
males and 7.0 per cent for females and the gender difference were small.

Traditionally the position of women in Tanzania has been low compared to men. Women were not expected to influence the
decision-making processes from domestic level to the national level. In the family attitudes, which consider men as heads of
households, exists. These attitudes are rigidly based on patriarchal structures, which limit women voices from influencing allocation
of domestic resources. At national level, the existing attitudes influence the election and appointment of women to high profile
positions and hence limit women’s voices from impacting decision making and the planning process.

The second thrust was on increasing the number of women in decision making positions and this was to be achieved through
Government appointments and other public structures. The Cabinet Decision no 23 of 1996 among other issues endorsed for
implementation the increase of women in all decision making levels such as Board of Directors, Heads of Institutions,
Commissioners and in national delegations. The other strategy was gender mainstreaming the civil service and creation of a
database on women and their qualifications for use by appointing authorities

The proportion of women representatives in Parliament has reached the MKUKUTA target of 30 per cent following national
elections in 2005, largely as a result of special seats which are reserved for women. Of the 323 members of the National Assembly,
98 seats are held by women, of which 75 are special seats and only 17 were elected. In contrast, the representation of women in
local government remains low. Only 5 per cent of elected district councilors are female. The Constitution of the United Republic of
Tanzania provides for 30% special seats for women in Parliament and 33.3% special seats in the Local Councils.

The physical integrity of Tanzanian women is not sufficiently protected. In fact, the number of complaints filed in relation to violence
against women has increased in recent years. Such violence remains very widespread, and the law neither prohibits nor punishes

domestic violence. More than half of Tanzanian women are thought to have been beaten by their husbands; many men and women
consider such acts legitimate if the husband objects to his wife’s behavior.

Like many societies in Africa, customary laws and practices remain discriminatory against women on issues of property inheritance
particularly on land, as well as institutionalized violence against women e.g. wife battering, rape, female genital mutilation and the
existence, side by side, of a multitude of statutory, religious and customary laws that might be conflicting.

Percentage of sexual offences reported, based on statistical records from the Ministry of Home Affairs has increased since 2003
(3,577 cases) and rose sharply in 2007 (9,441 cases). It is unlikely that the sharp increase in 2007 can be explained only by an
increase in the incidence of offences, rather it may reflect that citizens, women in particular, are increasingly aware of their rights
and, as a result, seek formal/official channels of redress and justice.

1.2 Prevention and Response to GBV Project

Tanzania Media Women’s Association (TAMWA) and its partners Tanzania Gender Networking Programme (TGNP), Tanzania
Association of Women Lawyers (TAWLA), Zanzibar Female Lawyers Association (ZAFELA) and Crisis Resolving Centre (CRC) are
implementing Gender Equality and Women Empowerment GEWE II with emphasis on prevention and reduction of Gender Based
Violence (GBV) . The project duration is two years from October 2012 to September 2014 funded by the Government of Denmark.
Geographically, the project covers ten Districts of Wete(Pemba kaskazini), Magharibi (Unguja), Kusini Unguja (Kusini Unguja),
Kisarawe (Pwani), Newala (Mtwara), Lindi rural (Lindi), Mvomero (Morogoro) and two districts of Kinondoni, Ilala, Temeke (Dar es
Salaam). The project specifically cover 10 villages per each District.

The Objective of GEWE II, is prevention and response to GBV promoted through transforming and strengthening of legal
frameworks, policies and mechanisms for public and community action.

The expected Outcome are:

1. Legal and policy framework on GBV transformed and updated
2. Improved mechanisms and response to GBV issues at all levels
3. Empowerment of survivors and communities in taking action against GBV.

A total of four outputs of the project were drawn from the above mentioned outcomes in their chronological order whose main
activities are described below each output result.

1. Media coverage on GBV related issues increased.
1.1. Produce and disseminate training manual for training journalists on how to report on GBV issues effectively
1.2. Train media actors from Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar on how to report GBV effectively.
1.3. Conduct evidence based media advocacy through journalistic survey, newsworthy press statements, press
conference, regular media visits and coverage in targeted areas, TV spot and programs, Radio spot and
programs, features and news stories, newsletter and posters with strategic GBV messages.

2. Enhanced collective activism on GBV issues.
2.1. Establishment of One Stop Centres/knowledge centres to facilitate legal remedy procedures, media use, popular
GBV materials, knowledge, and sharing and community activism.

2.2. Strengthen grass roots/district GBV mechanism, and network, CBOs, Community members for Tanzania
mainland and Zanzibar.
2.3. Facilitate community social gender analysis, animation, community and national debates, use of online social
media and creative arts, gender and advocacy training.

3. Strengthened capacity of institutions dealing with GBV issues

3.1 Conduct GBV trainings and discussions to police officers, DPP, DCI, AG chambers, medical officers,
magistrates, community leaders.

3.2 Establish and advocate/institutionalize mechanisms/procedures for handling GBV cases.

3.3 Mapping exercise to establish the current GBV trend including capacity assessment of the GBV institutions,
media coverage, policies and legal framework, legal access and gender mainstreaming

4. Improved legal and policy frameworks responding to GBV at all levels.
4.1. Conduct review and analysis on relevant laws and policies on GBV related issues in Mainland Tanzania and
Zanzibar.
4.2. Conduct advocacy meetings with various stakeholders on laws related to GBV.
4.3. Provide legal aid, legal outreach and counselling services.

1.3. Study Objective

The main objective of the study is to establish benchmarks to each indicator for project implementation which will be the basis for
regular monitoring of Gender equality and women empowerment initiatives.

1.4 Purpose of the Survey on GBV

The purpose of undertaking the baseline survey is to enable the
GEWE II to :-

1. Identify and analyse the GBV prone villages in the target area ( 10 districts) to be used as focal places for the project
intervention.
2. Describe community and women group’s definitions of “equality” “empowerment” and “rights” using methodology to be
shared by the project’s stakeholders.
3. Present a brief literature review of GBV coverage in the media with preference to the 10 targeted districts.
4. Examine the thrust of women interaction with the media particularly in addressing GBV cases and complaints.
5. Identify and analyze the nature and quality of interaction between women and local governance institutions, and how these
interactions affect women empowerment with the view of analysing level that the existing social, political and cultural barriers
slow down women empowerment.
6. Look at women empowerment status on key issues regarding their social political development which cover power to, power
over and power within commonly known as activism.
7. Examine the structures related to GBV response from the local level to the national level.
8. Assess the extent that women exercise their rights and how their rights are recognized in the law or local institutions.
9. Assess the relevance of the project indicators and the log frame, update the necessary and collect relevant data relating to
those indicators.
10. Assess the potential impact of identified or emerging project risks/assumptions and collect information on their current
operating status.

2.0 Methodology

This survey report was prepared based on primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected in ten
districts of Wete(Pemba kaskazini), Magharibi (Unguja), Kusini Unguja ( Unguja), Kisarawe (Pwani), Mvomero
(Morogoro), Lindi Rural (Lindi), Newara (Mtwara), Ruangwa (Mtwara), and two districts of Kinondoni and Ilala (Dar es
Salaam). Secondary data was based on a review of several documents including government of United Republic
of Tanzania policies, laws and protocols . Some of the key institutions from which data and research reports
were obtained include the District Police stations in ten districts, Ministry of Community Development Gender and
Children Development, REPOA Gender Indicators Report, and National Bureau of Statistics.

2.1 Study Area and Design

The study was conducted in Wete(Pemba kaskazini), Magharibi (Unguja), Kusini Unguja (Kusini Unguja), Kisarawe
(Pwani), Mvomero (Morogoro), Newala (Lindi), Lindi Rural (Lindi), Ruangwa (Mtwara) and thwo districts of Kinondoni,and
Ilala (Dar es Salaam). The ten districts were purposively selected on the basis of being GEWE II project areas. The
villages and streets in the ten districts were also purposively sampled because they were easily reachable by
interviewers given a limited time available for the survey. Study participants were drawn from a broad spectrum of
categories of people including the elite, illiterate, employed, unemployed, business to mention but a few.

The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive study employing both qualitative and quantitative methods of data
collection. The instruments used included questionnaire/surveys, interviews with key informants, focus group
discussions and records.

2.2 Sample Selection and Size

The survey team purposively selected the villages and streets in each district to participate in the survey. The households
in the villages and streets were randomly selected. A total of 2,300 households were covered by survey. The sample size
was mainly to capture the description, perceptions and views of the respondents on gender based violence. In addition
20 teachers, 10 police officers, 26 district officials were reached while 24 focus group discussions (FGD) were
conducted.

2.3 Key informants

The key informants for the study included the following categories

. Police,
. District Social Welfare Officers
. District chairpersons
. Out of school female students
. female students
. Health workers
. GEWE II partners’ Programme Officers

For in-depth interviews and key informants, the team selected people of different categories as listed above.
Other research instruments employed in the study included interviews with Key Informants (KI) and Focus
Group Discussions (FGD). These were qualitative instruments to generate in-depth information on GBV. A
FGD guide was provided for focus group participants in the categories of community members, female school

children and out of school youths. They were selected on the basis that they were part of the community, had
lived-experience, knowledge and understanding of the community practices, habits, values and norms linked to
GBV. They included women in reproductive ages and adolescent girls and out of school youth.

While quantitative data provided for broader description of the study variables and participants perceptions, deeper
explanations and reflection about the subject matter were drawn mainly from the qualitative data. This approach
that draws on mixed methods was found appropriate to study the complex and dynamics of GBV in communities.

During the survey, the study team upheld the research ethical value of confidentiality and assured respondents
of confidentiality of their responses and that information would not be used for anything else other than the
study. This was still held in the reporting of findings and preparation of the survey report given the sensitivity
of GBV.

2.4 Study Team

The study team was selected from the GEWE II partners’ organization members through competitive process. Those
with skills, knowledge and experience in using Participatory Rural Appraisal were selected to carry out the survey
exercise. Knowledge of the local languages of the survey communities was also considered.

A two days training workshop was organised to train the researchers about relevant research ethics and to pre-test
the research tools. After the pre test, the necessary adjustments were made. The team of study team then
proceeded to the communities to conduct the survey.

2.5 Methods and Tools of Data Collection

The study methods and tools included:

1. Semi structured questionnaire for interviews used in each household.

2. An interview guide for Key informant Interviews.

3. A topic guide for Focus group discussions.

4. Document review involving a wide review of relevant documents on GBV such as research reports on
women’s economic and political participation. The pertaining policies, efforts by different stakeholders,
were also reviewed.

2.6 Data Analysis and Management

Quantitative data, completed questionnaires were reviewed on a daily basis by the researchers to
ensure their completeness and accuracy. The quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences (SPSS). In addition, Atlas Ti version 5 was employed for descriptive analysis, tabular
expositions of the situation of GBV in the ten districts were presented. Responses from semi-structured
questions were coded and entered along with pre-coded responses and were analyzed using SPSS.
Descriptive analysis using Atlas.Ti was undertaken to give the situation of GBV in the districts.

Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. This involved developing broad themes and examining
relationships underlying the emerging issues on forms, causes, magnitude among others. Qualitative data
was used by the study team to understand the ideas and opinions that emerged and were related to

the analyzed quantitative data. The analysis led to the findings and interpretations contained in this report.

Quality control was achieved through peer review meetings. The questionnaire was pre- tested to check its
suitability, reliability, coherence and clarity. The study team was trained on the survey and discussed
each question thoroughly to ensure that they understood the data required.

4.0 Key Baseline Study’s’ Findings

The key findings are presented under the following sub-sections:

Background characteristics of the households in the survey (project) areas. Demographic characteristics of the
households, Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, economic characteristics of the households,
Media coverage on GBV related issues, Civil society and political participation, self image/confidence and social
position of women, households and decision making, collective activism on GBV and current GBV implementation
status in ten districts.

4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Households

The survey was conducted in ten districts of Unguja South, Unguja West, Wete, Ilala, Kinondoni, Kisarawe, Lindi Rural, Mvomero,
Ruangwa, and Newala. The total number of respondents was 2,300 of which 23.6% were males and 76.4 % were female. Age of
respondents range from 10 years to 80 years, majority falls between age 30-39 which constituted about 28% of total respondents.
The main occupations of the respondents are agriculture which employs 62.6% of the households. The highest level of education of
the respondent was University; however, majorities 82.1% have completed primary level education. The details of variation of level
of education reached, and the age of respondents are shown in table 1below.

TABLE 1: Age, Sex Characteristics of the Households

Districts

10-19

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70-79

80>

Male

Female

Level of Education of respondent

Primary

Secondary

College

Wete

186

187

14.9%

27.3%

24.4%

12.8%

10.3%

6.6%

12.8%

10.3%

23.1%

76.9%

78.6%

18.5%

2.9%

Unguja

179

151

west

8.3%

21.7%

31.2%

15.8%

15.0%

7.1%

15.8%

15.0%

25.4%

74.6%

63.2%

35.1%

1.7%

Unguja
South

180

194

8.3%

20.3%

31.1%

15.8%

12.4%

9.1%

15.8%

12.4%

25.3%

74.7%

81.9%

16.0%

2.1%

Kisarawe

110

16.1%

15.3%

27.4%

12.9%

14.5%

8.9%

12.9%

14.5%

20.2%

79.8%

90.2%

9.0%

0.8%

Mvomero

197

16.1%

27.7%

22.7%

13.2%

9.9%

7.9%

13.2%

9.9%

18.6%

81.4%

83.5%

13.6%

3.0%

Newala

171

193

7.9%

25.3%

30.7%

15.4%

8.7%

6.6%

15.4%

8.7%

29.0%

71.0%

81.1%

15.5%

3.4%

Lindi rural

176

239

1.2%

12.3%

37.3%

18.9%

18.4%

9.4%

18.9%

18.4%

27.9%

72.1%

98.0%

2.0%

0.0%

Ruangwa

175

180

12.8%

22.7%

28.5%

14.9%

11.2%

6.2%

14.9%

11.2%

27.7%

72.3%

75.0%

22.5%

2.5%

Kinondoni

195

192

15.7%

27.7%

22.3%

15.3%

10.3%

6.2%

15.3%

10.3%

19.4%

80.6%

80.7%

16.8%

2.5%

Ilala

199

220

12.4%

22.3%

26.9%

13.2%

12.8%

8.3%

13.2%

12.8%

17.8%

82.2%

92.4%

5.9%

1.7%

256

520

651

343

282

174

543

1757

1863

359

Total

11.1%

22.6%

28.3%

14.9%

12.3%

7.6%

2.5%

23.6%

76.4%

82.1%

15.8%

2.1%

4.2 Social Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents

The marital status of respondents were 45.9 married monogamous, 20.1% single, Divorce 10.9%, 11.3% married polygamous.
Kisarawe has highest percentage of married polygamous (15.7%), Unguja West has highest percentage of married monogamous

(65), Lindi has highest percentage of separation 19.7%, Kinondoni, Kisarawe and Mvomero have highest percentage of widow
which are 13.8%, 13.2% and 13.0% respectively.

Table 2 below, summarizes occupation of respondents and their marital status.

TABLE 2: OCCUPATION OF RESPONDENTS AND THEIR MARITAL STATUS

Occupation of respondents

Marital Status

Districts

Agriculture

Pastoralist

Fisher

Handicraft

Business

Government
Employee

Private
Employee

Student

House
work

Small
miner

Single

Widow

Divorced/Separated

Married
Monogamous

Married
Polygomous

Wete

100

101

49.8%

1.0%

0.5%

12.9%

16.4%

7.5%

3.0%

5.5%

3.0%

0.5%

26.4%

11.3%

8.4%

42.3%

11.7%

Unguja
west

112

156

51.6%

1.4%

2.8%

6.5%

13.4%

14.3%

2.3%

0.0%

7.8%

0.0%

8.8%

9.2%

7.1%

65.0%

10.0%

Unguja
South

146

124

67.3%

1.4%

4.1%

4.6%

10.1%

6.5%

0.9%

2.3%

2.8%

0.0%

14.1%

11.6%

12.0%

51.5%

10.8%

Kisarawe

60.6%

1.0%

12.5%

10.6%

4.8%

1.9%

5.8%

1.0%

32.2%

13.2%

8.3%

30.6%

15.7%

Mvomero

104

51.5%

2.5%

0.5%

12.4%

17.8%

4.5%

2.0%

7.9%

0.5%

29.7%

13.0%

6.7%

37.2%

13.4%

Newala

155

126

73.8%

0.5%

3.3%

8.1%

9.0%

1.4%

2.4%

0.5%

1.0%

0.0%

15.4%

9.6%

15.8%

52.5%

6.7%

Lindi
rural

217

125

88.9%

0.0%

7.4%

0.0%

3.7%

0.0%

6.1%

12.7%

19.7%

51.2%

10.2%

Ruangwa

114

107

56.2%

0.0%

1.5%

12.8%

13.8%

6.4%

3.0%

2.5%

3.4%

0.5%

23.8%

10.0%

11.2%

44.6%

10.4%

Kinondoni

109

54.0%

1.5%

0.5%

13.4%

16.3%

5.4%

2.5%

5.4%

0.5%

28.9%

13.8%

10.0%

35.1%

12.1%

Ilala

140

65.7%

2.8%

2.3%

7.5%

11.7%

3.3%

0.5%

5.2%

0.5%

22.2%

15.1%

7.9%

41.0%

13.8%

Total

1260

174

245

108

459

271

248

1047

257

62.6%

1.2%

2.6%

8.6%

12.2%

5.4%

1.8%

3.3%

2.1%

0.3%

20.1%

11.9%

10.9%

45.9%

11.3%

Ability to read and write in the ten districts was analysed. 81.9% of the respondents are able to read and write and 18.1 % can not
read and write. Wete has 92.5% respondents who are able to read and write, Lindi rural has 59.6% of respondents who are able to
read and write. As regards to the number of respondents who have attended school, Wete is 93.2% and Lindi rural is 60.4%. The
highest level of education reached for all ten districts is university and college; however there are variations across districts.
Relatively Lindi rural has highest percentage of respondents who have completed primary level education and non at
University/college level. In total, majority of respondents have completed primary level education 67.3%, secondary level of
education and college/university level of education are 29.9% and 2.8% respectively. Dependency burden is common in all the ten
districts, About 50.1% of respondents live with about one to two dependants, 34.1% live with three to four dependants. In Lindi rural
61.9% live with dependants of about one to two and which is the highest percentage followed by Unguja West and Kinondoni which
have 51.2% and 50.8% respectively

In terms of engagement in income generating activities, only 14.8% of respondents are members of income generating activities
and 84.9% are not members and 0.3% have not determined to join income generating activities. Unguja South and Mvomero are
leading with income generating activitie of about 18.6% and 18.5% respectively. Kisarawe and Newala haven the lowest
engagement into income generating economic activities with 11.1% and 11.0% respectively.

Female respondents were also asked to comment whether they can make decision if they want to sale an assets without seeking
permission from their husbands. About 44.5 % of the total female respondents can decide on their own to sale their assets without

consultations with their husband and 55.5% can not make decision to sale their assets.Variations are also noted across the
districts, in Ungaja West has the highest percentage 59.3 % as compared to Kisarawe which has 35%.

4.3 Media Coverage on GBV

The respondents were also asked about the performance of media houses in providing knowledge on GBV to the communities. As
regards to special radio, television and newspapers programme, about 56% of the responded have heard about GBV programmes
in radio, television and Newspapers and 43.1% have not heard. Unguja West has the highest percentage 72.2% as compared to
kinondoni which has 47.2%. Of the three media, radio is more popular and attracts 56.8% followed by television programme 36.6%
leaving Newspaper with 6.6%. Unguja South has the highest percent of respondent who have reported to tune to GBV special radio
and Ruangwa has the highest percentage of respondended who tuned to television GBV special programme. The leading GBV
themes covered by media programe was that on physical violannce (26.6%) followed by Gender equality (20.6%) and the least
attracted theme was abusive language (3.5%). Table 3presents in details themes covered by media houses, themes preference
across the ten districts.

TABLE 3: MEDIA HOUSES AND GBV THEMES

Special radio, tv and
magazine programs on GBV
heard in the last 12 month

Number of GVB programs
heard/READ in the last 12
month

Yes

Radio

Magazine

Location of

Wete

125

111

respondents

53.0%

47.0%

53.9%

46.1%

0.0%

Unguja west

164

119

72.2%

27.8%

59.5%

36.0%

4.5%

Unguja
South

146

181

63.5%

36.5%

85.4%

14.6%

0.0%

Kisarawe

48.3%

51.7%

66.7%

33.3%

0.0%

Mvomero

115

119

128

49.1%

50.9%

57.7%

42.3%

0.0%

Newala

137

147

59.3%

40.7%

66.5%

33.0%

0.5%

Lindi rural

151

112

65.7%

34.3%

56.0%

43.0%

1.0%

Ruangwa

131

103

108

56.0%

44.0%

32.4%

49.3%

18.3%

Kinondoni

111

124

47.2%

52.8%

34.4%

42.5%

23.1%

Ilala

120

112

101

51.7%

48.3%

62.3%

23.5%

14.2%

Total

1258

951

1085

698

126

56.9%

43.1%

56.8%

36.6%

6.6%

4.4 Civil Society and Political Participation

The respondents were asked their involvement in community based associations and participation in politics. Only 13.5 % of the
total respondents were member of different community based associations and 86.5 % were not member of nay community based
association. Mvomero district has the highest percentage 18.8% and the least is Newala 8.9%. Women associations attract more
respondents (34.8%) and youth/child association was the least (4.1%). Majority have joined associations recently 36.6 %joined for
last two years, 25.6% for the last five years and only 2.4% they have been in association for pat nine years. As regards to
membership in board or holding leadership position only 28.9% have been board members and holding leadership position and
71.1 have never held any leadership position.Variation is also noted across the districts. Ilala district has highest percentage of
women engaged in leadership position (41.7%) and the least district is Unguja West (7.7%).

Table 5: Below present’s civil society participation for the ten districts

TABLE 5: CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION MEMBERSHIP

Member of any
community
based
association or
networks

Types of Organization

Yes

Religious

Farmers
association

Parents
teachers
association

Business
association

Village
association

Women
association

Youth/Children
association

Location of
respondents

Wete

197

15.8%

84.2%

9.1%

15.2%

12.1%

9.1%

39.4%

6.1%

Unguja
west

204

11.7%

88.3%

5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

20.0%

35.0%

0.0%

Unguja
South

200

15.3%

84.7%

2.9%

11.4%

8.6%

11.4%

31.4%

34.3%

0.0%

Kisarawe

103

13.4%

86.6%

20.0%

13.3%

6.7%

13.3%

33.3%

6.7%

Mvomero

190

18.8%

81.2%

9.3%

18.6%

7.0%

9.3%

41.9%

4.7%

Newala

216

8.9%

91.1%

4.5%

0.0%

22.7%

45.5%

22.7%

4.5%

Lindi rural

209

11.8%

88.2%

0.0%

84.8%

15.2%

0.0%

Ruangwa

213

9.4%

90.6%

16.7%

5.6%

0.0%

22.2%

11.1%

33.3%

11.1%

Kinondoni

195

15.9%

84.1%

8.3%

16.7%

8.3%

41.7%

8.3%

Ilala

201

14.5%

85.5%

14.3%

11.4%

8.6%

5.7%

14.3%

42.9%

2.9%

Total

302

1928

101

13.5%

86.5%

8.3%

10.3%

6.2%

10.3%

25.9%

34.8%

Social image as portrayed by participation in last parliamentary election 2010 shows 69.6 % voted and 30.4% did not vote. Unguja
West had higher percentage of respondents who voted 79.3% as compared to Mvomero district 62.9%. The respondents were also
asked to explain whether the decision to vote was theirs or someone decided for them. 97.5% of respondent decided themselves,
while 2.1 % was decided by their husband and only 0.4% was decided by others.

Table 6 below shows leadership and voting during parliamentary election in 2010

TABLE 6: LEADERSHIP AND PARLIAMENT VOTE

Board member or
hold a leadership
position

Vote in the last
parliamentary election
in 2010

Yes

Location of
respondents

Wete

156

36.1%

63.9%

65.5%

34.5%

Unguja
west

188

7.7%

92.3%

79.3%

20.7%

Unguja
South

169

27.8%

72.2%

70.7%

29.3%

Kisarawe

35.3%

64.7%

69.9%

30.1%

Mvomero

149

37.2%

62.8%

62.9%

37.1%

Newala

162

18.2%

81.8%

67.2%

32.8%

Lindi rural

191

12.1%

87.9%

78.3%

21.7%

Ruangwa

168

31.8%

68.2%

69.7%

30.3%

Kinondoni

157

32.4%

67.6%

66.0%

34.0%

Ilala

157

41.7%

58.3%

66.0%

34.0%

Total

219

1583

693

28.9%

71.1%

69.6%

30.4%

4.5 Knowledge in GBV Laws

Respondents were asked about the level of knowledge on GBV. It was found that only 17.8 % have the knowledge of GBV laws
against 82.2 who have no knowledge of GBV laws. Wete district’s knowledge on GBV laws stand at 21.1% which was the highest
against Lindi rural which has only 12.4%. Other districts which are perfoming better in terms of knowledge on GBV laws include
Kinondoni 20.9%, and Mvomero district 20.4%.

Table 7 below presents status of knowledge on GBV laws in each district

TABLE 7: KNOWLEDGE IN GBV LAWS, OPINION IN PUBLIC MEETINGS AND COUNCIL MEMBERSHIP

Knowledge on GBV
laws

Express opinion in
public meeting,
local government,
religious leaders
meeting on GBV

Member of council
advisory team for
any community
conflict resolution

Yes

Location of
respondents

Wete

183

219

213

21.1%

78.9%

7.9%

91.6%

6.1%

93.4%

Unguja
west

188

228

224

17.9%

82.1%

3.8%

96.2%

4.3%

95.3%

Unguja
South

197

233

225

15.8%

84.2%

2.5%

97.5%

4.2%

95.3%

Kisarawe

114

108

18.6%

81.4%

8.1%

91.9%

6.9%

93.1%

Mvomero

183

219

211

20.4%

79.6%

7.6%

92.0%

6.6%

93.0%

Newala

203

233

225

14.7%

85.3%

2.5%

97.1%

2.6%

96.6%

Lindi rural

212

244

232

12.4%

87.6%

0.0%

100.0%

2.9%

96.3%

Ruangwa

191

226

218

18.4%

81.6%

5.8%

93.8%

4.3%

94.8%

Kinondoni

185

220

208

20.9%

79.1%

7.5%

91.7%

7.1%

92.0%

Ilala

190

226

222

18.1%

81.9%

5.8%

94.2%

4.3%

95.7%

Total

395

1828

114

2162

106

2086

17.8%

82.2%

5.0%

94.7%

4.8%

94.6%

4.6 Ability of Women to Express Their Opinion in Public Meeting

Respondents were asked for the past 12 months if they had expressed their opinions in the public meetings, local government, and
religious leaders meeting on matters relating to GBV. The findings was that only 5.0% had confidence in expressing their opinion
related to GBV, 94.7% have no confidence and can not express their opinion in public meeting. Of the ten districts, Kisarawe,
Mvomero and Kinondoni districts had 8.1%, 7.9% and 7.6 % respectively. Lindi rural has 0% confidence in expressing opinion in
public followed by Unguja South 2.5% and Newala district 2.5%

The other question that responded were asked was on their involvement in the past 12 months in terms of membership in councils
and advisory team for any community conflict resolutions. The findings were that of all the ten districts respondents only 4.8 % are
members in council advisory team and the rest 94.6 were not members of council advisory team. Kinondoni district has 7.1%

members in council advisory team followed by Kisarawe district 6.9%, Mvomero district 6.6%. Newala district has poor
representation of women in council advisory team 2.6% followed by Lindi rural 2.9%.

Table 7 presents ability of women to express their opinion in public meeting related to GBV and women representation in council
advisory team for any community conflict resolution.

4.7 Reporting of GBV Cases

Respondents were asked places where they are reporting in case of GBV incidence. The findings show that 46.7% of responded
said GBV cases are reported at local government offices followed by police stations 25.0%. Hospital is the least2.6 % and paralegal
11%. Mvomero district 34.3 % of respondents said GBV cases were reported at Police stations, while 57.2% respondents said GBV
cases are reported at local government in Unguja West. In Kinondoni district about 20.5% of respondents said GBV cases are
reported at Paralegal offices.

Table8 below summarizes GBV education and places of GBV reporting

TABLE 8: GBV EDUCATION AND PLACES OF REPORTING

Report of GBV issues

GBV education

Hospital

Police

Local
government

Paralegal
centres

Others

YES

Location of

Wete

164

respondents

3.3%

29.3%

36.0%

18.4%

13.0%

16.1%

82.4%

Unguja
west

101

191

2.4%

22.6%

48.6%

13.5%

13.0%

9.3%

89.3%

Unguja
South

115

191

2.5%

20.9%

57.2%

10.4%

9.0%

7.6%

91.0%

Kisarawe

1.6%

31.7%

35.0%

16.3%

15.4%

13.0%

86.0%

Mvomero

161

2.9%

34.3%

32.2%

18.0%

12.6%

15.8%

82.1%

Newala

124

186

3.4%

17.4%

59.9%

13.5%

5.8%

6.9%

91.6%

Lindi rural

158

212

1.7%

4.0%

90.8%

1.1%

2.3%

1.4%

98.6%

Ruangwa

177

3.0%

27.4%

38.5%

18.8%

12.4%

11.8%

86.8%

Kinondoni

158

2.5%

31.4%

33.5%

20.5%

12.1%

17.2%

82.3%

Ilala

178

1.9%

26.9%

45.3%

12.3%

13.7%

11.3%

87.3%

Total

519

970

305

228

209

1704

2.6%

25.0%

46.7%

14.7%

11.0%

10.8%

88.0%

4.8 GBV Education

The respondents were asked if they have been exposed to GBV education. The findings were that only 10% of the respondents in
ten districts had exposure to GBV education against 88.0% who have never had GBV education. Wete districts about 16.1% of
respondents got GBV education and Lindi rural was only 1.4 % got GBV education.

4.9 Relationship with Policy Makers

As regards to quality of relationship between women/respondents with the policy makers such as councilors and member of
parliament the findings were that only 28.0% acknowledged that the quality relationship with policy makers have improved against
72.0% who said the quality relationship did has not improved. 48.3 % of Respondents in Unguja West noted improvement followed
by Mvomero 33.9% and Wete 33.8%. Other districts Lindi rural 5.7% noted improvement followed by Newala district 14.4%.

Table 9 below presents percentage of respondents who got GBV education and those who have noted improvement of relationship
with policy makers.

TABLE 9: QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIP WITH POLICY MAKERS AND AWARENESS TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF RIGHTS

Quality of
relationship and
credibility
developed with
policy actors

Different types of rights that respondents were aware of

Yes

education

Heath

Food

Protection

to be
heard

To an
identity

Association

Participation

Others

Location of
respondents

Wete

151

112

33.8%

66.2%

46.9%

5.9%

9.2%

4.2%

5.4%

3.3%

2.1%

3.8%

19.2%

Unguja
west

111

119

48.3%

51.7%

33.5%

3.6%

4.6%

7.1%

2.5%

1.5%

2.5%

37.6%

Unguja
South

173

26.1%

73.9%

30.8%

2.5%

5.6%

8.1%

1.0%

2.5%

2.0%

0.5%

47.0%

Kisarawe

32.8%

67.2%

41.5%

7.3%

15.4%

4.9%

3.3%

2.4%

0.8%

3.3%

21.1%

Mvomero

152

103

33.9%

66.1%

43.1%

6.7%

11.7%

4.2%

5.0%

2.1%

1.3%

2.9%

23.0%

Newala

202

14.4%

85.6%

42.4%

1.5%

2.9%

5.9%

2.9%

2.4%

2.9%

1.0%

38.0%

Lindi rural

230

152

5.7%

94.3%

2.8%

0.0%

10.1%

0.0%

1.7%

0.0%

85.4%

Ruangwa

159

110

31.5%

68.5%

46.0%

5.0%

7.9%

3.8%

4.6%

2.9%

1.7%

2.5%

25.5%

Kinondoni

163

110

29.1%

70.9%

46.0%

5.9%

10.9%

2.9%

6.3%

2.1%

0.8%

3.3%

21.8%

Ilala

168

28.2%

71.8%

31.5%

4.7%

13.1%

7.0%

3.3%

0.9%

2.8%

35.7%

Total

620

1597

772

168

117

28.0%

72.0%

37.3%

4.3%

8.1%

5.7%

4.1%

2.3%

1.4%

2.3%

4.10 Awareness of Respondents on “Rights”

The respondents were asked if they know any specific rights that are familiar to them. The findings were that 37.3 % of respondents
are aware of right to education. On other rights the respondents awareness is very low- health 4.3%, food 8.1%, protection 5.7%,
right to be heard 4.1%, right to identity 2.3%, right to association 1.2%, and right to participation 2.3%. Of the ten districts,
awareness to right to education Wete 46.9%, Ruangwa 46.0%, Kinondoni 46.0% while in Lindi rural 2.8%, followed by Unguja
South 30.8%.

4.11 Understanding of Gender Equality

Respondents were asked if they know the meaning of gender equality. The findings shows only 14.2 % of all respondents in ten
districts understand the meaning of gender equality against 85.3% who do not understand the meaning of gender equality.
Respondent in Mvomero who understood the meaning of gender equality are 20.2% and Lindi rural is about 1.2%.

4.12 Understanding of Women Empowerment

As regards to women empowerment only 22.5% knows what women empowerment mean. Mvomero district about 30.5% know
what empowerment is and only 7.8% in Lindi rural knows women about empowerment.

Table 10 presents respondents level of understanding of gender equality and gender empowerment in ten districts

TABLE 10: UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWEREMENT

Understanding
of gender
Equality in your
area

Meaning of
women
empowerment in
your area

Yes

Location of
respondents

Wete

Count

187

163

% within Location of
respondents

19.0%

80.6%

28.4%

70.3%

Unguja
west

Count

192

180

% within Location of
respondents

19.0%

81.0%

23.6%

75.9%

Unguja
South

Count

206

187

% within Location of
respondents

13.4%

86.2%

20.1%

78.2%

Kisarawe

Count

% within Location of
respondents

15.3%

83.9%

28.8%

71.2%

Mvomero

Count

185

157

% within Location of
respondents

20.2%

79.4%

30.5%

67.4%

Newala

Count

214

201

% within Location of
respondents

9.3%

90.3%

14.8%

84.8%

Lindi rural

Count

240

224

% within Location of
respondents

1.2%

98.4%

7.8%

91.8%

Ruangwa

Count

196

175

% within Location of
respondents

15.8%

83.8%

25.2%

74.8%

Kinondoni

Count

192

167

% within Location of
respondents

15.4%

84.2%

25.4%

73.2%

Ilala

Count

200

176

% within Location of
respondents

14.7%

84.0%

23.9%

73.9%

Total

Count

318

1911

503

1714

% within Location of
respondents

14.2%

85.3%

22.5%

76.5%

4.13 Self Image/Confidence and Social Position

The respondents were asked a number of questions to assess their self esteem and social positions for example if somebody
opposes a woman will she find way to get what she wanted. The findings were that only 19.6% strongly disagree that they will not
get what they want, 23.9% strongly agree that it is possible to get what they wanted. Mvomero district about 26.1% strongly
disagree that they will not get what they wanted if someone oppose them whereas in Kisarawe about 38.9% of respondents said
they will get what they wanted even if somebody oppose them.

As regards to influencing household decision making 15.4% of respondents strongly disagreethat they can not influence
household’s decision making and about 41.5 % strongly agree that they can influence household decision making. Lindi rural about
22.4 % strongly disagree to influence household decision making whereas Kisarawe about 52.4% strongly agree that they have
influence in household decision making.

Table 11 below present the self image/confidence and social position of the respondents

TABLE 11: WOMEN SELF IMAGE AND CONFIDENCE

I can influence important
decisions in my community

Somebody oppose me, i find a
way to get what i want

Strongly
disagree

somehow
disagree

Somehow
agree

Strongly
agree

Strongly
disagree

somehow
disagree

Somehow agree

Strongly agree

Location of

Wete

100

respondents

8.8%

9.8%

29.5%

51.8%

21.8%

12.2%

31.0%

35.0%

Unguja
west

18.2%

16.3%

19.6%

45.9%

18.6%

19.5%

45.2%

16.7%

Unguja
South

103

20.9%

18.5%

26.1%

34.6%

16.7%

19.1%

47.9%

16.3%

Kisarawe

12.4%

13.3%

21.9%

52.4%

21.3%

14.8%

25.0%

38.9%

Mvomero

11.2%

12.2%

26.5%

50.0%

26.1%

10.6%

26.6%

36.7%

Newala

109

15.8%

13.8%

37.4%

33.0%

15.9%

16.8%

52.4%

14.9%

Lindi rural

130

22.4%

23.6%

33.3%

20.7%

13.5%

32.0%

53.3%

1.2%

Ruangwa

102

9.0%

9.5%

30.2%

51.3%

19.3%

18.3%

32.2%

30.2%

Kinondoni

8.6%

10.2%

31.0%

50.3%

25.4%

10.4%

29.4%

34.8%

Ilala

22.9%

22.4%

19.2%

35.5%

20.4%

10.6%

41.7%

27.3%

Total

303

301

545

815

393

337

792

478

15.4%

15.3%

27.7%

41.5%

19.6%

16.8%

39.6%

23.9%

5.0 Feedback from Key informant and Focus Group Discussions

The key informants and focus group discussions were requested to respond to a set of questions/guides for discussion.

5.1 Understanding of gender based violence

The following were their responses:-

This is act done by one gender against human right example a woman if denied her human right such as overworked –
Community Development Officer-Kisarawe District

Early marriage and being beaten by husbands; man refusing to give his wife her basic rights due to her little contribution to
the household welfare; Majority mistreating women as sex objects; and rapping – DSWO – NEWALA

Mostly wife buttery, rape cases, early marriages, female genital mutilation (FGM) – Ag. DMO – NEWALA DC – NEWALA

GBV are awful acts which are harmful to human being, and once are done can affect a person mentally, physically. Gender
based violence can be in the form of rape, assault and battery, child marriage, female genital mutilation, child labour, girl
child pregnancy, insult, and women to be deprived the right to own and inherit properties – DSWO – Lindi Rural

GBV includes Physical violence, Economical violence, Psychological (mentle violence), Sexual abuse and rape- – gender
specialist – Amana Hospital/MMOH – Ilala District

Examples of gender based violence are – Traditional rituals to girls; they mostly leave the girl naked, Brutality of male
teachers to female students and brutality of male students to female students, Abusive language and physical attack to
women, Brutality to children, and Child labor- Makongo Changanyikeni focus group discussions

GBV is a situation that occurs within the society of not having fair and equal rights between men and women and the types
include beating, FGM, and men divorcing their wives- DSWO – Mvomero District

GBV is any act that is done by a person to another person that will affect him/her physically, mentally and psychologically,
socially and economically. The GBV types include rape, children employment, early marriage, husband beating their wives,
forced marriage- Social chance officer – Wete District

As regards to type of GBV experienced in their locality, the following were the list that include-Physical beating (violence)
to women and children, Raping, schools pregnancies, girl children not sent to school, early marriage, sodomy, female
genital mutilations, abusive language by nurses to pregnant women when attending clinics, women not having the rights
to inherit when their husband have died,

Other types of GBV they experience include; Assault, battery, rape inside marriage, child maintenance, desertion,
polygamy, girl child pregnancy, child marriage, women refusal to sex with their husband, husband refusing to grant
freedom his wife to undertake some income generating activities, denial of women right to own property, denial of rights
to inheritance, men not willing to test for HIV/AIDS, unequal sharing of resources in the households, inadequate social
services.

5.2 Causes of Gender Based Violence

The responded outlined causes of GBV that include; divorce, poverty, increase of husband income, low priority given to girls even if
they pass examination some parents are not ready to take them to schools, early pregnancies, early marriages, Girls are being
denied their right to education simply because their parents have expectation that their daughter will get married. Girls are being

cheated by their teacher-they are being promised to get good marks and other favours. Street boys and men are cheating girls by
bribing girls with money and other items such as cell phones, children marriages soon after initiation ceremonies, long distance
spent in fetching water provide space for being cheated and bribed by perpetrators, Bad culture and traditions that enforce FGM
practices, Family desertion, Deprivation of right to own property, Deprivation of right to inherit property, child defilement, lack of
support to women, male domination system,

The reported GBV cases to hospitals, local government authorities and police stations indicate vividly that GBV is a real problem to
the surveyed areas. The responses from the key informants and focus group discussions present the situation as follows:-

I have been receiving on average of 50 women who have been beaten by their husbands and about 20 raping related cases
per year – Doctor – Ruangwa District Hospital – RUANGWA

Other responded commenting on causes of GBV they said the following:-

Mostly the causes of gender based violence are; Selfishness, Society especially men do not value women; Unawareness on
women and children rights; tradition and custom –for example in Lindi rural, women are not allowed to own properties
especially land; they use women in the reproduction and taking care of the family; Bad child up bringing; female and male
initiation ceremony which is conducted seven times before one can get married; and patriarchy system- DSWO -Lindi Rurali

Causes for Gender Based violence includes; low income/poverty, bad customs and traditions, unequal distribution of
resources in the family, women not given opportunities- DSWO- Gender and children coordinator –Ilala District

These are the areas that cause GBV they include; low level of education amongst the community members on issues related
to gender and bad customs and tradition practices- DSWO – Mvomero District.

Causes of GBV includes[ poverty, low education level of the community on gender, those committed offence are left without
trial and the parents of survivors resolving GBV cases outside the court- Social chance officer – Wete District

Types of GBV we have been experiencing here are those related to rape, girls’ unwanted pregnancies, girls abducting,
abusive language and sodomy-Police – Chakechake

From focus group discussion the community female members noted the following as causes for GBV, namely female
Inheritances related issues, divorce, early (children) marriage, and beating of couple- focus group discussions with
community members female

Raping is bad act in the society can not be compared with anything as it affects the whole family– Medical Doctor – Sebuleni
– Urban West Unguja

The respondents were asked to rank from the list of GBV in their locality, rape scored the highest in GBV list and they argue to
have multiple effects including children pregnancies and early marriages

Bad group influence on the part of girls at school have led them to start engaging in transactional sex- DSWO – Unguja
South

Of all type of GBV, rape was considered as critical offensive as it stigmatize children and cause early pregnancies- Clinical
Officer, Cottage Hospital Makunduchi, Unguja South

5.3 Understanding “Equality”, “Empowerment”, and “Right”

The respondents were asked to define the terms commonly used in GEWE project – equality, empowerment and right. The
feedback from the survey indicates different understang of the terms. The feedbacks are presented as follows:-

Equality is situation that enables a person accessing his/her right such as health services; Empowerment enables a person
to acquire certain skills; and Right is something that a person is entitled- DSWO – Kisarawe District

Equity- To my understanding means fairness, justice, the quality of being impartial, for example in our district all human
needs should be provided with equity to all gender; Empowerment- is a way of giving power to certain group of people
from low level to higher level; and Right is to get important services from authorities, for instance in our hospital all children
have the right to vaccination- Ag DMO – Newala District

Equality is fairness regardless of ones sex (male or female); Empowerment is enabling a person to engage effectively in
education, politics, and in economic activities; Right is the basic necessities that a person need to have access to, these are
like education, health, food, to be heard and to be protected- Medical Doctor – Ruangwa District Hospital

Equity, empowerement and rights– we do not know the meaning of these terminologies- mchimba primary school focus
group discussion

Equity is a situation where male and female are equal; Empowerment is that act of facilitating a women to engage effectively
in economic and political activities; and Right are basic necessities that a human being must get- DSWO – Ruangwa District

Equity means division of duties and responsibilities between a women and a man in order to get equal chances in terms of
education, leadership and ownership of properties; Empowerment means capacity building is provided to women so that

they can be able to talk and be heard in the society and improve their living standard; and Right refers to basic things which
any human being is required to get, has right to education, right to live in peaceful environment, right to be heard, right to be
respected, right to own properties, right to food, right to cloth, and right to shelter- DSWO – Lindi Rural

Equality is that situation where male and female are treated fairly; Empowerement refers to facilitation that is made to a
person in order to overcome challenges; and Right are all necessities that a human being need and have been mentioned in
the constitution -Medical Doctor – Sebuleni – Urban WestUnguja

Equality is to make fair decision to both male and female; Empowerement is to provide loan for development activities; and
Right are basic necessities that a human being need for her/his development- Tombondo focus group discussion

Empowerment is about providing financial support to women in order to overcome life challenges, enable them to provide
education to their children. Also it refers to a provision of soft loans to women for them to invest in various economic
activities; Right means fair treatment to both male and female, women should be respected; Equality is a situation were male
and female are treated fairly such as in education both girls and boys should be enrolled not leaving a girl child alone doing
domestic work that will lead to her failure in examination – Kitunda Kati focus group discussion Ilala District

Empowerment is enabling a person to succeed- moving from one step to another; Right means a situation that guarantee
ones access to basic necessities such as education, food and shelter; and Equity means fairness in accessing rights-
Jambiani focus group discussion

Equity is fairness whereby male and female are granted equal treatment in accessing their rights; Empowerment is a
situation of accessing development and eradicating the poverty; Right is acquiring equality in education and other basic
human needs – DSWO – Unguja South.

“Equity” deals with members’ equality-with women / men’s roles in the community; Empowerment is incorporating women;
Right is basic needs eg rights to life. – Gender Specialist-Amana Hospital/MMOH – ILALA

Equity is the equality on making decisions; Empowerment is the act of being facilitated to overcome a challenge; Right is the
correctness of the decisions-Teacher – Mwanakwerekwe – HR WEST Unguja

Equity-is the situation of equality regardless of sex e.g. in employment; Empowerment- women are given opportunities so as
to grow economically and socially; Right is requirements which the human being is born with- Police Gender desk-Ilala
District.

Equity is the equality to all people regardless of sex; Empowerment is the act of managing people to work and gain his/her
economical development. Right is giving something to someone who is in need of it. For example if the child is raped, you
should bring him/her back to the normal situation, to be free like everybody else- Clinical officer, Cottage Hospital
Makunduchi, Unguja South

Equity is to give equal right to citizens; Right is something a citizen should be given- Muungoni focus group discussion

Equity is process whereby men and women get equal rights on different issues such as education and ownership of
properties; Right refers to basic things any human being is entitled to get such as education, food, cloth or shelter-Mchinga
focus group discussion.

Equity is equality of men and women according to their needs. Also in labour force, there should be a good ratio on
specialization. Empowerment is about helping women economically, educationally and politically. Politically implies that
moving a woman from poor situation to better one, women should be facilitated by providing them with soft loans.

Educational implies access to education that is provided with instructions, trainings and seminars. Politically refers prepare
women to become leaders, to build their self confidence on governing and reaching the certain objectives; Women should
be elected and not selected; and Rights is a requirements that someone has since he/she was born.- DSWO/ Gender and
children coordinator – Ilala district

Equity is the situation of having equal distribution among two sides; Empowerment is the situation of building capacity to
addresss various issues; right is anything which a human being must get- Social Chance Officer-Wete District

Equity is the same with equality; Empowerment is act of building capacity to people or group of people, financially or
professionally; Right is any basic thing which the human being is entitled to get- Police-Chakechake

Equity is the situation where by a certain sex is feeling to have equal opportunity in a society; Empowerment situation of
doing something which was difficult to do previously; Right everyday human being’s necessity which made him/her
educated.-Makongo Changanyikeni focus group discussion Kinondoni District

Equity is the situations where by all sexes have equal chance in the society; Empowerment is to facilitate difficult state to
bring something; Right is the requirement which enable someone to live peaceful.- Clinical Officer –Lugalo-Kinondoni
District.

Equity refers to rights regardless of sex; Empowerment – refers to education, political decision- Clinical Officer- Chakechake
Hospital-Chakechake.

Empowerment; to be helped or granted- Focus Group Discussion with Out of school youth Lindi

Equity is the equality of men and women in the society; –Lindi Rural OCD

Equity is that situation where you get all necessary requirements without being segregated; Empowerment is the act of
giving the poorer the opportunity to be better by providing them with education, money etc- Municipal Social Welfare (MWO)-
Kinondoni.

TABLE 12: SUMMARIES OF DEFINITION OF GEWE TERMINOLOGIES

Terms

Components

Rights

Entitled, necessities, basic requirements,

Equality

Accessing, faireness, fair treatment,

Empowerment

Acquire, enable, facilitate, capacity building, provision, support, incorporating, managing, helping,
doing, helped, granted, giving.

The feedback from respondents indicates a mixed understanding of the terminology that are commonly used in gender Equity and
women empowerment. It is therefore recommended that clear definition of terminology be adopted and the public should be made
aware of them.

5.4 Reporting of GBV Cases and Responses

Respondents were asked if the GBV cases are reported to them and how they have been handling them. Findings from key
informant interview and focus group discussions are presented below:-

GBV cases are reported to the following centers; Hospitals, Clinics; Police; Community development Offices; Social Welfare
Offices; School authorities; and NGOs. The GBV cases are seldom reported soon after the violence has occurred particulary in the
mainland districts. Evidence is provided by some of respondents in their statement as follows:-

Some reports to the hospital immediately after they have been offended and others with delays due to long distances from
where they stay to the hospital, therefore it depends on where the patient comes from- Ag DMO – Newala District

GBV cases are not reported once occurred, as it is very expensive for survivor of GBV from rural areas to come to town-
Police – Mkuranga Kisarawe District

The frequency of reporting the cases is very minimal. Mostly they report the cases to human right commission and Good
Governance, police, Non governmental Organization which is called LIWO PAC- DSWO – Lindi Rural

In Zanzibar districts many GBV cases are reported immediately after the violation has occurred, this is due to less distance
to relevant offices, GBV awareness, existence of gender desks in police stations and good networking. Some statements
from respondents verifies,

Yes there are cases reported. They are reported fast after it has been done. There is a desk but we work with them together
for the cases which need resolution- Police – Mwanakwerekwe Unguja West

Cases are not reported to me direct. They are reported to Women and Children Officer, but we cooperate together to work
on them-DWSO Unguja South

School authority decided to inform the students’ parents and sent them to police and ZAFELA- Teacher – Mwanakwerekwe
Unguja West

Delay in reporting GBV cases are caused by many factors and these are explained by respondents in their statement as
follows:-

Violence is done secretly, and others feared to tell their parents due to various reasons or that they will think they did it
intentionally. Other parents are not friend to their children, so when the problem occur they tend not to tell their parents – –
Clinical officer, Cottage Hospital Makunduchi, Unguja South

The distance is too long, due to lack of means of transport, and poverty. Others they feel shy and they don’t have good
education on important out coming soon after violated- Clinical Officer, Chakechake Hospital – Chakechake

The one who raped feel shy to come out and declare that she was raped and the one who is beaten fear to report because
they depend on them, most of them are beaten by their husbands. – DMO- Lindi Rural

Some start by resolving the GBV cases in village and at the family level, if they fail then they come at police station. – OCD
Lindi Rural

The feedback from respondents shows that GBV are grossly underreported due to various reasons. It is recommended that
awareness on GBV reporting be created to all people and members should discourage concluding GBV cases at family levels.

5.4.1 GBV cases responses

The GBV cases are reported to various offices receives responses from these offices are of different types, these include:

I used to give them advice and instruction where to bring them.- Social Change Officer –Wete district

Measures taken by the Lindi District hospital include taking laboratory test and providing treatment to GBV survivor– Medical
Doctor – Ruangwa District Hospital – Ruangwa District

As for child marriage, in Mchinga village it is normal thing, it is not right but the community cannot do anything to them. –
Mchinga Focus group discussion

Also child marriage happen mostly after initiation ceremony (Unyago) where due to initiation ceremony girls starts sexual
affairs at early age and they end up getting unwanted pregnancies while under age. Initiation ceremony compel parents to
take their girls to hospital for family planning ie girls are given contraceptives so that they may not conceive while underage-
Mchinga Focus group discussion

The community does not take any action against the perpetrators because women themselves once the case has been
taken to the authorities they defend their husband. –Mchinga focus group discussion

For the case of family desertion many women do not take the matter to the respective authorities they just decide to hold on-
Mchinga focus group discussion

In Makongo, Changanyiken, Rappers are cought and sent to police and law takes its course; and Traditional elders who
conduct traditional celebrations and rituals to women are brought out naked. – Makongo Changanyikeni focus group
discussion

In Mkuranga we are quiet because when we go to VEO we are asked to bribe money for GBV case reported to be heard –
Focus Group Discussion with community member female

The feedback shows clearly that no clear procedures of reporting and responding to GBV cases. It is therefore important to develop
procedures for reporting and responding on GBV cases.

5.4.2 GBV perpetrators

The respondents were asked the main perpetrators of GBV, and below is the list from focus group discussions and key informant
interviews, and it includes; young men and elders, men in good position, business man, women themselves, Parents, teachers,
and husband.

5.4.3 Problems on gender based violence to female children

As regards to the Problem experienced by girls as a results of GBV it includes, drop down of education level; they do not get
enough time to read due to home chores. Chores segregation at home, Bad traditions and customs, Teachers not listening to their
basic requirement when they are at school. A teacher from Kitunda Kati secondary school said sometimes girls are being punished
by stick on their back even if they are at menstruation period.

5.5 Procedures followed after GBV case has been reported

The GBV cases are reported to police station where the survivor is issued with PF 3 form. Survivor with PF3 form report to the
hospital or health centre. The role of police is to collect comprehensive evidence and role of medical doctor is to provide medical

evidence about the GBV case. Once the police have gathered enough evidence then the case is sent to the court for hearing and
judgments.

5.5.1 The GBV cases challenges

GBV cases have number of challenges, these include; Inadequate evidences collected by both police and medical doctor; GBV
cases taking too long; majority of survivors and perpetrators preferring to sort out of the court; Citizen’s low knowledge on keeping
the evidence when the violence occurs; and Some GBV cases are dropped due to absence of the survivor to police or at the court.
Also GBV survivors fear to give the details for the type of violence done in their family; Bureaucracy of GBV cases that leads to the
lost of evidence; corruption; lack of sophisticated equipment for DNA test and Long procedure for the survivor at the hospital.
Below are statements from the responded on the challenges of GBV cases:

We used to send them to the court if the evidence is collected. Some cases are dropped if the survivor agrees to do it or if
the evidence is not satisfactory. Survivor in these cases should be under the great care at safe place.- Police Mkuranga-
Kisarawe District

There is a case held at Primary Court for two years now while the doctors already provided the evidences- DSWO – Newala
District

We only ask for PF3 in case she was beaten and patens/parents/guardians consent for the case of early marriage- Ag DMO
– Newala District

The hospital knows its responsibility to provide the evidence over violence done to human beings, and they are needed to
provide that evidence to the court for the rape and physical attack cases. – Medical Doctor – Ruangwa Hospital Ruangwa
District

Once the case reached to me, I do the following – I listen to their opinion on type of violence they faced, I give them the
advice to go to police, or to the court or to paralegal centers, and I make the follow up until the end- Social change Officer-
Wete District

The feedback from the respondents indicates inadequate procedure of responding to GBV cases. It is suggested that a clear and
wel known procedure of dealing with GBV cases be developed and people should be made aware of it.

5.5.2 Problems associated with GBV incidences to the survivor

After facing that violence, the survivors suffers a number of challenges, these include; They become psychologically affected; Feel
shy to be seen in their community; School girls drop out of the school; They contract HIV/AIDS; They are stigmatized in daily
community activities; They contract STD; they are not valued in the society; They are not respected; Some commit suicide; Girls
get unplanned pregnancies; Family separation and divorce; and The GBV survivors lost their stand on decision making. Some of
the statements from respondents are outlined below:-

The GBV survivors add to themselves the life burdens, orphans increased, widower, they are affected with STDs and
HIV/AIDS, they are not valued in the society, they are not respected, commit suicides, and live hard life- Nangwala Focus
group discussion

After facing the violence, especially women, they get STDs and HIV/AIDS, psychologically affected, and for the school girls,
they tend to drop out from school –Ruangwa focus group discussion

It bring back economically because when you are divorced, men will not take care of the children; the underage marriage
brings the burden to the parents; Other girls lost their lives while giving birth/delivering, Others got fistula and some are
crippled due to physical attack – Focus group discussion with community members female

The problems women and girls faced after violence are; Severe pain, Feeling that they are no longer needed in society,
Stigmatized by the society – Makongo Changanyikeni- Kinondoni

Woman is the one who suffer the most, we are taken back against development, we are injured through physical attack and
you can be crippled and psychologically affected. – Focus group discussion of youth female out of school

Women and girls face the following challenge after the attack-Girl child pregnancy – many of them get problems during
delivery such as neuropath, epilepsies, and death. Currently the community sees it is a normal thing for underage girl to get
pregnancy, other includes-Assault and battery – many women are being bitten severely and some of them die due to severe
pain. The community is aware of that problem but cannot do anything because woman themselves are not cooperative;
Respect in the community to the survivors becomes low. Family separation sometimes divorce- Mchinga Focus group
discussion

The effects and negative impact of GBV are vividly seen to survivors, in the next section respondents have suggested some
measures to be taken to improve the situation.

5.5.3 Improvement needed to eradicate gender based violence

Respondents from focus group discussions proposed some measures that will assist in reducing GBV. These were- strengthening
collaboration among the institutions dealing with handling GBV cases; The department of Social welfare should be provided with
the financial support to reach to the inaccessible places where GBV occurs; Social development structure should be improved to
reach grassroots level; Hospitals and health centres should be provided with all necessary equipment and adequate medicines for
GBV survivors; Sensitize all medical doctors and health centres to treat GBV survivors without PF3 and then, the survivor can be
referred to various places like police and social welfare offices; and shortening time taken by the court on GBV cases.

Below are some of the statements from focus group discussion and key informant discussions:-

Stakeholders should cooperate with the social development department, and be provided with the GBV education. The
department of social welfare be provided with the financial support to reach to the inaccessible places and Social
development structure should be improved to the lower level – DSWO- Ruangwa District

The GBV survivors tend not to give full cooperation to the police. Sometimes they drop the cases after being given money or
due to their traditions and cultures. –Police, Gender and children Desk – Ilala District

Survivors may be treated first, then go to police; Education on human right should be provided especially at upcountry;
Community based organization should work to upcountry, not only in the towns; There should be the law for regulating uses
of communication technology, TV, phone because they are the source for the children who practice sex at early ages; Social
welfare office put the record on monitoring the progress of the survivor cases and their destination. – DSWO Gender and
children coordinator- Ilala District

Most of GBV cases are concluded at the family level. The most challenge is the community or family member readiness to
give the cooperation on giving details of real situation for the violence. Gender education is mostly needed to the society. –
DSWO – Mvomero District

The feedback from respondents indicates that all actors need to join hands in fighting against GBV, thus collaboration among all
actors who are dealing with GBV at all levels need to be strengthened.

5.5.4 Causes of GBV cases Delays

Respondents in focus group discussions were asked to respond to the GBV cases that were reported immediately after the
offences have been committed and if there were delay they were asked to account for the delays. The following were the
feedback:-

These GBV cases are not reported on time since the community does not know where exactly to report and the distance from
where they are living. – DSWO -Ruangwa

Most of the time when the offence has been done they do not report case immediately, they normally resolve the case within
their families. For example, rape cases are reported to police post, but later you will find the cases are resolved silently
within the families. Others delays to report the case due to different reasons including: a sense of friendship, and
neighborhood. They value this more. – DSWO Lindi Rural

Many women who are being beaten do not report the matter to the authority or say it open even if neighbours hear when she
was beaten. They do that out of respect of their husband, they think that the revealing such information to other people it’s
like insulting their husbands. Normally people in the community do not interfere those matters- Mchinga focus group
discussion.

Sometimes cases are not reported due to inadequate knowledge; They avoid to be stigmatized; Male teachers sometimes
are not listening to female students; and female students feel shy – DSWO, Unguja South

GBV cases are not reported on time because the survivor should pass through various long bureaucratic procedures before
reaching Social Welfare department for assistance. – DSWO – Ilala District

Most of the time the cases are delayed to reach the right places because cases has to start at family level where the
arguments takes so long before the decision to report to police station is made. – DSWO – MvomeroDistrict

The GBV cases can be concluded when police and doctors are able to provide concrete and complete evidence. Doctors have to
provide the following evidence for GBV cases; Forensic Evidence- doctor take the specimen test check whether specimen
resemble with that of the accused; Doctor’s Statements finding which are filled in PF3; and Observations –by looking at GBV
survivors’ injuries.

Most of the doctors do not want to go to the court to provide evidence. They are not interested and not ready to answer the
questions since they claim that those areas are not their professionals. Other reason is that, they do not write the correct
statement even when they are pretty sure that the survivor was raped. They avoid writing the truth that will compel them to
provide testimony to the court for evidence. – DSWO – Gender specialist – Amana Hospital /MMOH –Ilala

The GBV survivors coping strategies after the attack has been to forgive/tolerate; Husband/ wife hibernation somewhere else; In
order to prevent girl child pregnancy many parents have decided to take their children to hospital for family planning. Girls are
taking DEPO; Others include committing suicide; and seeking help from various areas including Police, Relatives or Paralegal
centres.

It is recommended that in order to improve GBV case reporting; Education should be provided to the citizen on effects of GBV and
importance of reporting these kinds of GBV case; Survivors should be supported financially for treatment at hospital and transport
to the court; Police to be equipped sufficiently in handling GBV cases ( Example is provided when the survivor is compelled to use
her/his own resources for photocopying the PF3); Training should be provided to police on how to handle GBV cases; Need to
increase specialists and equipments for DNA test . Also, the Government should take legal action against the perpetrators of GBV;

Raise Awareness to the community on women and children’s rights; and make close follow up the perpetrators of GBV and educate
them on the right of women and children; To educate the society what are the effects of GBV; To provide the legal aid; To establish
various anti-GBV networks.

5.5.5 Survivors of Gender Based Violence

GBV occurs during; Job application (sex corruption); Home (house girls are forced to have sex); Madrasa – religious teachers
force to have sex with female students; school, classrooms; During the night when the girls are fetching water; and Around the
bushes when they passed from school. The most common GBV survivors of gender based violence include women, girls, children
and the most GBV offenders include Male teachers, boys, male doctors, parents, male teachers.

5.5.6 The Effects of Gender Based Violence

The respondents were also asked on the effects of gender based violence on various group categories including community at
large, the GBV survivors and their families, the offenders and the government bodies. The following were the resposes:

Effect in the community includes:- Poverty in the community, women cannot work or produce properly due gender based violence;
Low level of education in the community, many children dropout of school; Increased diseases in the community such as HIV

AIDS, TB, and STI, Kwashiorkor; Increased street children due to girl child pregnancy; Low level of production due to health
problems; Respect to the survivor is declined; It reduces human resources; Moral decline in the society and Psychological effects

Effect on the GBV survivors and their families include; physical effects such as injuries, mentally and psychologically effects;
Survivors lost the peace of mind; and they are segregated in the society.

Most of the female GBV survivors face some difficulties during delivery; they drop out of school, poor school performance.
Some of them feel embraced, low self esteem.-Mchimba primary school focus group discussion

Women continued to be economically affected; Drop out of female students -DSWO – Ruangwa District

Other effects include; Low self esteem; Children develop cruel behaviour; Low living standard; Children dropout of school; School
poor performance; Girl child pregnancy; Death due to assault and battery, girl child pregnancy; Children are not given their basic
needs such as education, food, cloth, security and shelter.

Effects on the offenders include unnecessary expenses to meet travel cost to police, courts and paying fines; Offender lose trust in
the community; they are being segregated; Imprisoned; Difficult to care for their parents and children; Some of the offenders are
taken to court for trial and some are jailed; and Separation of families and some time divorce.

Effects on the government include lost of time and resources that can be used in other more productive activities; Unnecessary
expenditure of the government funds. Instead of using the funds for something useful the fund will be used to treat people with
different disease in the community; Shortage or equipments e.g. Forensic evidence and DNA; Shortage or drugs eg STI’s drugs, re
urgency for HIV tests for PEP post exposure prophylaxis

Table 12: Summary of Effects of Gender Based Violence

Community

Effect(s)

GBV Survivor

Survivors

Dropping out of school and a ruined future

Poor performance at school

Contract sexually transmitted diseases especially HIV/AIDS

Uncertainty on the welfare of the survivor and her offspring

GBV Survivors neglected by family and offender

Un wanted pregnancy

Trauma, humiliation, stigmatization and isolation from her peers

She becomes a point of reference for bad behavior

Loss of life during birth

Suffer domestic violence because she cannot be accepted back home

Forced marriages and early marriages

Death through abortion

Being a single mother

Limits woman’s career advancement at workplaces

Poor performance at work place

Families

Destabilises the family

Stigma of putting up with a criminal within the family

Parents hopes get shattered and cannot be supported during old age

Wasted resources in terms of school fees

Conflict between the GBV survivors parents where the mother is accused
of neglect.

Broken families

The survivor and her child becomes a burden to the family

Heavy fines on part of the offenders family and sale of property

Burden of sharing the HIV positive GBV survivors and the child

Conflict and hatred among the survivor’s and offenders families

Loss of life affected parties

Communities

Low development in the community

Strain on community resources and support systems

Government

Denial of justice due to fear to handle the cases by the local leaders

Increase on police expenditure

Government burdened on the welfare of the survivor and offspring

Increase in crime rate and congestion of prisons

Increase on medical budget/ expenditure

Loss of human resource

Denial of justice due bribery of police which further traumatises the survivor

Strain on the already over constrained health services

The effects of GBV are very wide and affect the whole segment of the economy and hence the need to reduce the incidence is of
high importance. The section belows suggests some measures that will assist reduction of GBV effects.

5.5.7 Reduction of GBV Effects

The following were suggested by respondents in order to reduce GBV incidences:-

. Give the GBV education on how to protect the children to District team;
. Communities sensitization on GBV
. GBV related Law should be implemented
. Human right education should be provided,

. The GBV survivors should be provided with supports-legal and financial
. The department of social welfare should be financed and equiped adequately
. Raise awareness on women and children’s right
. The society to take responsibilities to report GBV cases to the authorities
. There must be equal share of responsibilities in the society/family
. Involvement of women in fighting GBV

5.5.8 Resources for Dealing with GBV Cases

Resources for GBV are broad ranging from human resources, financial resources and equipments. Under human resources we
refer to police officers, court officers, social welfare officers, teachers and parents but more important is their ability to face GBV
related challenges. In terms of the number they are adequate but when we refer to technical capacity to handle GBV cases the
number are not adequate. Equipments and their associated components also provide a challenge in handling GBV cases. The
statement from one of respondents from key informant is presented below.

There are no enough resources for GBV cases in our district; some of the villages have no police posts only Kitomanga has
police post. Some of the villages have no hospital; there are libraries where people can visit to read different information on
GBV. DSWO – Lindi Rural

The council put aside small fund for the department of social welfare. By now there is no enough Human resources, no car
set aside for social welfare office and the department budget is low- DSWO – Mvomero District

The feedback from respondents clearly shows that no resources are being set aside for dealing with GBV, thus, the need to
sensitize the government through budget review guidelines to introduce/integrate items that will ensure resources allocation for
dealing with GBV survivors issues are put in place is of the priority to GEWE II partners.

6.0 Baseline Indicators

6.1 GEWE II Outputs Indicators

GEWE II partner organizations were asked to respond to the status of interventions that are related to outputs of the GEWE II
project. The findings from the data collected indicate that interventions have not yielded substantive achievements. In the
organized forum related to gender there has been a notable achievements where by about 1,892 participants have been attending.
Also in dissemination of IEC materials the performance are satisfactory but need more attention, so far GEWE II partners have
been able to circulate about 1, 030. Other notable achievement is on legal aid and counseling services where about 4118 have
been provide with the services. However in other indicators the project will start from the scratch such as in areas of establishing
standard mechanisms/procedures for handling GBV cases, and attempt to ensure domestic violence bills reflected in the law of
marriage are repealed. Table 13 below present status of GEWE II baseline output indicators

TABLE 13: BASELINE INDICATORS FOR GEWE II OUTPUTS

S/N

Indicators

TAMWA
(ZNZ)

TAMWA(TZ)

ZAFELA

TAWLA

CRC

TGNP

Total

Number of journalist collecting GBV news at grassroots level

Number of animators trained

105

Number of messages delivered directly to audience

–

Number of national budget guideline review

Number of participants in various forum organized

1000

885

1892

Number of person (paralegals) trained on GBV

Number of animators trained on GBV

Number of mobilization meetings on GBV conducted

Number of staff from GEWE II partner organization trained on GBV

Number of people provided with legal aid and counseling services

732

200

334

2800

4118

Number of advocacy meetings conducted

Number of legislatures reviewed and bills drafted and shared

Number of IEC materials produced and disseminated (training
manuals)

1000

1,030

Quality of GDSS established

Quality of PAR carried our

Standard mechanism/procedures for handling GBV cases in place
and functional

Number of domestic violence bill to reflect in the law of marriage
repealed

6.2 Media Programmes on GBV

Media houses were asked to respond about the GBV programmes, compositions, trainings, documentaries and themes aired for
the last twelve months, the total of 60 GBV radio/magazine programmes were produced, The GBV themes were about gender
equality, rape, inheritance, underage marriage, genital mutilation and customs.

Media houses have been able to train about 14 editors and 44 journalists on how to report the issues concerning GBV; On average
there has been an increase in the rate of writing documentaries concerning GBV. However, inadequate financial resources and lack
of spirit demotivated journalist in writing good GBV documentaries.

As regards to interaction between women and media houses, it is estimated that about 121 women had interacted with the media
houses on GBV issues. . Table 14 below presents the status of Media houses on GBV issues;

TABLE 12: MEDIA PROGRAMMES ON GBV

INDICATORS

NEWALA
FM

RUANGWA
FM

TBC-
SOUTHERN
ZONE

ITV

TOTAL

Number of GBV RADIO/MAGAZINES programmes produced by the media house for
the last twelve months

10.

48.

60.

GBV themes coverage

1. Heritage/legacy; 2. Women in politics; 3. Customs; 4. Underage marriage; 5.
Mutilation

1, 2, 5.

1, 4, 5

Number of editors trained on how to report GBV

10.

Number of journalists trained on GBV

40.

Status of documentaries written for the training they got on GBV

1. Good; 2. Average; 3. Bad

Reasons for not writing good GBV documentaries

1. Understandings; 2. Lack of spirit; 3. Money; 4. Other reason

Number of women interacted with media house on GBV issues

20.

100.

121

7.0 Conclusion and Recommendations

7.1 Conclusion

The survey shows that most of the gender based violence parameters are not clearly known. The levels of awareness on gender
based violence among the women and girls in the ten districts are generally very low. There is no clear structure of reporting
gender based violence. Coping mechanisms for GBV survivors are inadequate, not well structures and un coordinated.

7.2 General suggestions by the Survey Participants

Several suggestions were made by the head of households, women respondents, government officials, police officers,
health personnel, key informants, participants in the focus group discussions and other stakeholders on how to improve
the fight against gender based violence. They also noted that the communities have lost trust in the established system
of handling cases related to gender based violence. Suggestions made by the participants are as follows:-

. Strengthening collaboration among the institutions dealing with handling GBV cases;
. The Local government offices (including shahias coordinators in Zanzibar) at district levels and department of Social
welfare should be provided with the financial support to reach to the inaccessible places where GBV occurs;
. Social development structure should be improved to reach grassroots level;
. Hospitals and health centers should be provided with all necessary equipments and adequate medicines for GBV
survivors;
. Sensitize all medical doctors and health centers to treat GBV survivors without PF3 and then, the survivor can be
referred to various places like police and social welfare offices;

. Shortening time taken by the court on GBV cases.
. The GBV survivors need to provide full cooperation to the police.
. Education on human right and other rights should be provided in ten districts;
. Community based organizations should work and expand their services to GBV survivors in rural areas and should
not concentrate in towns only;
. There should be the law for regulating uses of communication technology, TV, phone because they are the source for
the children who practice sex at early ages;
. Social welfare office put the record on monitoring the progress of the survivor cases and their destination.
. Sensitize families not to conclude GBV cases at the family level. The most challenge is the community or family
member readiness to give the cooperation on giving details of real situation for this violence.
. Gender education is mostly needed to the society.
. The girls and women themselves need to be sensitized and empowered in school and other gatherings.
. Establishment of a system where communities are equipped with women’s rights and are able to advocate
against GBV
. There is need to establish human rights centers/ bodies in the district where the community members can
report – even the misdeeds of police since sometimes cases are mishandled because of corruption.
. There is need for more intense community sensitization on issues concerning GBV in collaboration with
local government authorities, the community, religious leaders and teachers. Also, by use of mass and
electronic media like local radio stations existing in the ten districts, masses could be reached and
awareness rose.
. Existing women groups should be used to conduct sensitization through drama. The community should be

educated about the dangers of GBV, the causes and effects as well as the ways of reporting.
. More sensitization of local government authorities, health personnel, political leadership, and religious
leaders is needed. The sensitization should cover the procedures as to when to report GBV cases and
where.
. Government to invest money so that GBV survivors are assisted with transport costs instead of the GBV
survivors having to incur all the costs of litigation which in most cases they do not have.
. Police should be assisted and facilitated to expedite the process of investigation.
. Community policing should be further encouraged.
. Different stakeholders should be involved so that GBV cases are handled properly like the
preservation of evidence, and the knowledge that priority has to be given to medical examination.
. There should be extensive GBV education in schools so that the children are taught enough skills of how to
avoid being a victim of GBV. Even the parents and the whole community need such information so that
they can look after their children as well.
. Awareness messages should be encouraged as a way of warning different categories of community about
the dangers of involving themselves in GBV.
. Counseling and guidance should be offered and given priority.
. Community should be encouraged to report GBV cases.
. There should be regular meetings and conduct talk shows to educate the community on GBV.
. There is a need of GEWE II partners to raise community awareness on all types of their rights and how to
demand them
. GEWE II should conduct community sensitization on issues of GBV. This will enable the community to be

aware and fight against it.

7.3 Key Action Points for GEWE II

The baseline study has revealed that GBV occurs in all ten districts and it is on the rise and rape was noted as the most
worst type of violence among others. It is also true that the study has noted various attempts are being made at different
levels to address GBV. Further more the study findings has also noted the presence of some agencies (government and
non government) handling different aspects of GBV. GEWE II therefore should consider measures that will strengthen
implementation of project and how to network and work with them to achieve desired GEWE II outcomes. There is need
to establish the pertaining gaps and revisiting some of the strategies and activities of the GEWE II partners and address
them accordingly. Below is set of key action points that the baseline study suggests GEWE II to consider in its
implementation:-

Creating a common understanding on operational definition of GEWE II terminologies of equality, gender
empowerment, rights and gender based violence: The findings from baseline study indicate different understanding
of equality, gender empowerment, rights and gender based violence. It is a right time for GEWE II to come up with
standard operational definition of the common terminologies that will guide all GEWE II implementing partners and other
stakeholders.

Mass Sensitization and reduction of GBV: There is need for mass sensitization for all community members both
the young and the adults on GBV, the forms, causes, risky areas, perpetuators, effects, where to report and the
prevention measures. Two methods of sensitization, radio and television should be given more weight than print media
method given the findings from the baseline study in the ten districts.

Strengthening the Capacity of Partners advocating for Anti GBV: All GEWE II implementing partners and
relevant institutions dealing with GBV (Police, AG, DPP, Magistrates, medical offices, District Social Welfare Officers,
and Teachers) should be trained on the different aspects of gender based violence e.g. causes, forms, effects,
measures to prevent, places of service, human rights, pertaining legal framework, gender and violence among
others. As such the GBV materials focusing on identification of GBV, handling of different cases of GBV, causes,
effects, places of reporting, perpetrators, referral system should be prepared.

Establishment of one stop responsive network on GBV: Gender issues should be followed up through participatory
approaches. Production of documentaries by journalists indicating the voices of women, men and children and their
levels of vulnerability should be given more attention. The documentaries will be used for advocacy on GBV and to bring
out the voices of men, women and children on GBV. This can be conducted to back up the advocacy and training as well
as the GBV intervention programme.

Creating awareness amongst the Community on the existing Mechanisms for Coping with GBV: GEWE II
baseline survey finding noted that this issue was a major gap. GEWE II should focus on awareness raising and
networking with partners’ organizations and other CSOs in handling GBV related cases for referral purposes. This
should be preceded by mapping of stakeholders, CSOs involved in handling GBV for instance those with reception

centre’s for the GBV survivors and counseling centers. GEWE II should design some mechanisms, systems and put in
place some structures especially at district level to enable GBV survivors cope with GBV situation.

Formation of GBV Media Groups: There is need to formulate a strong GBV media group that will comprise all
strategic media houses(local) existing in ten district where GEWE II project is being implemented.
Identification of specific areas for raising awareness of the community at district level on GBV need to be
done. More efforts should be on Radio and television since they are the most popular in the ten districts
as per baseline survey findings.

Development of GBV Communication Strategy: There is need to design GBV communication strategy to guide
advocacy and sensitization on GBV in all ten districts. Such strategies/ will facilitate development of
relevant messages that focus on the specific GBV issues in each district based on the baseline survey
findings such as GBV and human rights, gender dimensions of GBV, GBV and the laws, issues on
access and utilization of services and resources. Relevant sensitization materials and training manuals
covering the critical issues identified by the baseline study findings should be developed.

Strengthening Coordination of GEWE II implementation: There is a need for TAMWA to strengthen
coordination of GBV interventions among all stakeholders particularly the government departments and NGO
efforts. GEWE II needs to conduct consultative meetings regularly with GBV related stakeholders and spearhead
the formation of a network. It has been noted from the baseline studies that there are various uncoordinated
efforts in fighting GBV at district level and these efforts are not well coordinated.

Strengthening Coordination of GEWE II monitoring and evaluation system: Baseline study has provided some
base line indicators for GEWE II project, it is important that more emphasis is put to document changes (progress) that
results from GEWE II project implementation. Strengthening monitoring, evaluation and reporting system will facilitate
identification of areas that need attention and hence achievement of intended results. The findings from baseline study has
noted quite a number of interventions have been done but not documented.

Appendices

Appendix I: Questionnaire

GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN EMPOWEREMENT

BASELINE SURVEY

Baseline questionnaire – November 2012

Statement to be Read Before Interview Begins: Jina langu ni ____________ na ninafanya kazi na wadau wa TAMWA, TGNP,TAWLA, CRC, na ZAFELA.
Tunafanya utafiti ili kujifunza kuhusu maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatatusaidia kubaini hali halisi ya ukatili wa kijinsia katika
maeneo ya mradi ili kuja baadae kupima kuona mradi umeleta maendeleo kwa kiwango gani. Aidha matokeo ya utafiti huu utawezesha kubaini mbinu za
kuboresha uendeshaji wa mradi huu wa kumwezesha mwanamke kuboresha hali yake ya kimaisha. Tunakukaribisha ushiriki kwenye huu utafiti. Maswali
nitakayokuuliza yatachukua muda mfupi .Tarifa utakazotoa zitatunzwa kwa usiri mkubwa, hazitatolewa kwa mtu mwingine yeyote. Taarifa hizi
zinakusanywa kwa ajili ya utafiti ili kuonyesha hali ya sasa ya mwanzo wa mradi. Tunakuomba ujisikie huru na utupe majibu ya wazi na ya ukweli bila
kuogopa udhalilishaji au uvujaji wa taarifa hizi. Watafiti wanapendelea kuangalia/kujifunza na kutoa majibu ya ujumla na sio majibu ya mtu binafsi.

IDENTIFICATION

QUESTIONNAIRE NUMBER

+——-+

+-+

DISTRICT

1=Wete, 2=Unguja West 3=UngujaSouth 4=Kisarawe, 5=Mvomero,
6=Newala, 7=Lindi Rural, 8=Ruangwa, 9=Kinondoni, na 10= Ilala

+-+

WARDS __________________________________________

+—+

NAME AND CODE OF THE VILLAGE _____________

+——-+

NAME OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD ________________________________

DATE OF INTERVIEW :

+———–+

D D M M Y Y

NAME OF INTERVIEWER : _____________________

+—+

NUMBER OF THE RESPONDENTS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

+—+

NUMBER OF PERSON LIVING IN THE HOUSEHOLD

+—+

RESULT OF INTERVIEW :

1 = COMPLETED; 2 = NOT COMPLETED

+-+

SECTION 1A: DEMOGRAPHICS OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

Line
Number

Name

Jina

Relation
to Head
of HH

Mahusiano na
mkuu wa
kaya

Sex

Jinsi

Age

Umri

Children less than 18
years: Survival and
residence of Parents

EDUCATION

LITERACY

OCCUPATION

Is the
child’s
biological mother
alive?

Je mama
mzazi wa
(JINA)

Is the
child’s
biological father
alive?

Je baba
mzazi wa
(JINA)

5 YEARS & +

CHECK AGE (104), IF LESS
THAN 5 YEARS, GO TO NEXT
LINE

5-18 YEARS

CHECK AGE (104), IF
MORE THAN 18 YEARS
SKIP TO 117

5 YEARS
& +

5
YEARS & +

Did (NAME)
ever attend
school?

IF NO, SKIP TO

What is
the
highest
level and
class

Is (NAME)
currently in
school?

Je,(JINA)

What
kind of
school
does
(NAME)

Does
(NAME)
know
how to
read and

What is
(NAME)
main

yuko hai?

116

Je, (JINA)
amewahi
kusoma shule?

KAMA HAPANA,
NENDA 116

(NAME)
has
achieved)
?

Je, (JINA)
amefikia
kiwango
gani cha
juu cha
elimu na
darasa?

anasoma
shule?

attend?

Je, (JINA)
anasoma
shule
aina
gani?

write?

Je, (JINA)
anajua
kusoma
na
kuandika?

occupation?

Je,
(JINA) kazi
yake
kuu
ni
nini?

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

112

113

114

115

116

117

M F

YES NO

LEVEL
CLASS

YES NO

GOVER.
PRIVATE

Serikali
binafsi

YES
NO

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+
+-+

1 2

GO TO
116

1 2

+—+

1 2

+-+
+-+

+-+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+

GO TO
116

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+
+-+

1 2

GO TO
116

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+
+-+

1 2

GO TO
116

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+
+-+

1 2

GO TO
116

1 2

102

113

117

LEVEL

CLASS

1=HEAD, 2=SPOUSE, 3=SON/DAUGHTER,
4=FATHER/MOTHER

1=PRIMARY

ELIMU YA MSINGI

0= KINDER GARDEN shule ya awali
1=STD1, 2=STD2, 3=STD 3 ,

00= NO OCUP, 1=AGRICULTURE, 2=
PASTORALIST, 3=FISHER, 4=HANDICRAFT

1=MKUU WA KAYA, 2=MUME/MKE, 3= MTOTO,
4=BABA/MAMA, 5=KAKA/DADA; 6=MJUKUU

4=STD4, 5=STD 5, 6=STD 6, 7=STD7

00= SINA KAZI, 1=MKULIMA, 2=MFUGAJI,
3=MVUVI, 4=FUNDI, 5=BIASHARA
NDOGONDOGO

5=BROTHER/SISTER; 6=GRAND SON/GRAND
DAUGHTER

2=SECONDARY

1=FRM 1, 2=FRM 2, 3=FRM 3, 4=FRM
4,5=FRM 5, 6=FRM 6

5=SMALL BUSINESS, 6=GOVERNT EMPLOYEE,
7=PRIVATE EMPLOYEE,

6=MWAJIRIWA wa serikali ,7= Mwajiliwa binafsi

7=UNCLE/AUNT, 8=NOT RELATED, 96=OTHER
(SPECIFY)

7=MJOMBA/SHANGAZI, , 8=HAKUNA MAHUSIANO
96=MENGINEYO (TAJA)

3=COLLEGE/UNIV.

1 = 1st YEAR, 2 = 2nd YEAR,3=3rd YEAR, …

8=STUDENT, 9=HOUSE WORK, 10=SMALL
MINER 96=OTHER (SPECIFY)

Line
Number

Name

Relation
to Head
of HH

Sex

Age

Children less than 18
years: Survival and
residence of Parents

EDUCATION

LITERACY

OCCUPATION

Is the
child’s
biological mother
alive

Is the
child’s
biological father
alive?

5 YEARS & +

CHECK AGE (104), IF LESS
THAN 5 YEARS, GO TO NEXT
LINE

5-18 YEARS

CHECK AGE (104), IF MORE
THAN 18 YEARS SKIP TO 117

5 YEARS
& +

5 YEARS &
+

Did (NAME)
ever attend
school?

IF NO, SKIP TO
116

What is the
highest
level and
class
(NAME) has

Is (NAME)
currently in
school?

What
kind
of
school
does
(NAM

Does
(NAME)
know
how to
read and

What is
(NAME)
main
occupation?

achieved)?

E)
attend?

write?

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

112

113

114

115

116

117

M F

YES NO

LEVEL
CLASS

YES NO

GOVER.
PRIVATE

YES
NO

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

+-+ +-+

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

+—+

1 2

GO TO
116

+-+ +-+

1 2

GO TO 116

1
2

1 2

SECTION 1 B: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS

QUESTIONS

ANSWER / CODES

GO TO

120

ENUMERATOR:RECORD THE SEX OF THE
RESPONDANT

MALE 1

FEMALE 2

121

How old are you?

Una umri wa miaka mingapi?

age +—+

+—+

ENUMERATOR:WRITE THE WHOLE NUMBER

122

What is your current marital status?

Hali yako ya ndoa kwa sasa ikoje?

SINGLE 1

WIDOW 2

DIVORCED/SEPARATED 3

MARRIED monogamous 4

MARRIED polygamous 5

122.2

Can you read and write in English/Swahili or any
other local languages?

Unajua kusoma na kuandika Kiswahili au kiingereza
au lugha nyingine yeyote?

YES 1

NO 2

123

Have you ever attended school?

Umewahi kusoma shule?

YES 1

NO 2

.125

124

What is the highest level of schooling that you have
reached?

PRIMARY 1

SECONDARY 2

COLLEGE/UNIVERSITY 3

Una kiwango gani cha elimu?

125

How many dependent children do you have?

Unawatoto wangapi wanaokutegemea?

ENUMERATOR: RECORD ALL THE DEPENDENT
CHILDREN HE/SHE HAS. IF NO DEPENDENT
CHILDREN WRITE 00 IN THE BOXES.

+—+

126

Are you a member of any income generating
group?

Je wewe ni mwanachama wa katika kikundi cha
ujasilia mali?

YES 1

NO 2

NOT YET DETERMINED 8

SECTION 2: DOMESTIC AND AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT OWNED BY THE HOUSEHOLD

N°

Type of Asset

Quantity

IF DOES NOT OWN WRITE 0

Can you sell this item
if you want without
anybody else’s
permission?

Unaweza kukiuza kitu
hiki bila hidhini ya mtu
mwingine?

311.1

312

313

315

LIVESTOCK YES NO

1.1

Cattle – Ng’ombe

1 2

1.2

Donkeys – Punda

1 2

1.3

Sheep – Kondoo

1 2

1.4

Goats – Mbuzi

1 2

1.5

Pigs – Nguruwe

1 2

1.6

Chicken/Duck – Kuku/bata

1 2

1.7

Pheasant – Kanga

1 2

1.8

Pigeons – Njiwa

1 2

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION

2.1

Car – Gari

1 2

2.2

Motorcycle – Pikipiki

1 2

2.3

Bicycle – Baiskeli

1 2

2.4

Ox – cart – Maksai

1 2

ELECTRONICS

3.1

Radio – Redio

1 2

3.2

Television – Televisheni

1 2

3.3

Cell phone – Simu ya kiganjani

1 2

3.4

Landline – Simu ya mezani

1 2

3.5

Fan – Feni

1 2

3.6

Fridge – Jokofu

1 2

3.7

DVD player

1 2

3.8

Camera

1 2

AGRICULTURAL MATERIAL

4.1

Tractor

1 2

4.2

Hoe – Jembe la mkono

1 2

4.3

Plough – Jembe la plau

1 2

4.4

Irrigation pump – Pampu ya kumwagilia
maji

1 2

4.5

Treadle pump – Mashine ya kumwagilia
kwa kukanyaga kwa mguu

1 2

4.6

Milling machine – mashine ya kusaga

1 2

4.7

Wheelbarrows – Toroli

1 2

4.8

Groundnut huskers – mashine ya
kubangua karanga

1 2

4.9

Sickles – Kotama

1 2

4.10

Cassava Processor – mashine ya
kusindika mihogo

1 2

OTHER GOODS

5.1

Mattress – Godoro

1 2

5.2

Bed – Kitanda

1 2

5.3

Lantern – taa ya chemli

1 2

5.4

Sewing machine -cherehani

1 2

5.5

Sofa Dining set – makochi

1 2

5.6

Solar Panel – vifaa vya umeme wa jua

1 2

5.7

Farming land – ardhi ya kilimo

1 2

SECTION 3: MEDIA COVERAGE ON GBV RELATED ISSUES

N°

QUESTION

ANSWER/CODE

GO TO

500

Has there been any special Radio, TV and Magazine programs
on GBV themes heard in the last 12 months?

Je, kumekuwa na programu za radio au TV, Magazeti zikihusu
unyanyasaji wa kijinsia ulizozisikia katika muda wa miezi kumi
na mbili iliopita?

YES 1

NO 2

.502

501

How many Radio/TV programs you have heard in the last
twelve months?

Je, ni programu ngapi za Radio, TV na Magazeti umezisikia
kwa kipindi cha miezi kumi na mbili iliopita?

+-+

502

What was the theme of Radio/TV/Magazines programme
you have heard?

Ubakaji

Ubakaji wa watoto chini ya miaka 18

Mirathi

Kulazimishwa ndoa kwa watoto chini ya miaka 18

Ukeketaji

Nafasi za wanawake katika siasa

Je maudhui ya programu za Radio, TV an Magazeti
uliyoyasikia yalikuwa yapi?

Ubakaji

Ubakaji wa watoto chini ya miaka 18

Mirathi

Kulazimishwa ndoa kwa watoto chini ya miaka 18

Ukeketaji

Nafasi za wanawake katika siasa

UBAKAJI

MIRATHI

KE NASIASA

MILA

NDOA
UTOTONI

UKEKETAJI

YES

502.1

Je umeshawahi kushiriki katika kipindi cha habari inayohusu
ukatili wa kijinsia?

Yes No

502.2

Taja maeneo uliyoshiriki

SECTION 4: CIVIL SOCIETY AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

QUESTIONS

ANSWER/CODES

GO TO

600

Are you a member of any community based
associations or networks?

je wewe ni mwanachama wa shirika lolote la kijamii
au jumuiya?

YES 1

NO 2

. 602

Now, we’re going to ask you some questions about each of these groups of which you are member

Sasa, tutakuuliza maswali kuhusu kila kikundi ambacho wewe ni mwanachama.

What is the name of the
associations/network?

Shirika hilo linaitwaje?

What kind of
organization is it?

Ni shirika la aina
gani?

How long have you been a member?

SPECIFY THE NUMBER OF YEAR. IF LESS
THAN ONE YEAR PUT 00

Umekuwa mwanachama kwa muda
gani?

Are you a board
member or hold a
leadership position?

Wewe ni
mwanachama wa bodi
au unashikilia nafasi
yoyote ya uongozi?

601.1

601.2

601.3

601.4

YES NO

+—+

1 2

+—+

1 2

+—+

1 2

+—+

1 2

+—+

1 2

601.2

1= RELIGIOUS 2=FARMER ASSOCIATION 3= HANDICRAFT ASSOCIATION

4=PARENTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION 5= WATER COMMITTEE 6= TRADITIONAL DOCTORS ASSOCIATION

7= BUSINESS ASSOCIATION 8= VILLAGE ASSOCIATION 9=WOMEN ASSOCIATION

10= YOUTH/CHILDREN ASSOCIATION 96=OTHER (SPECIFY)

SECTION 4: CIVIL SOCIETY AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

QUESTION

ANSWER/CODE

GO TO

602

Did you vote in the last parliamentary election in
2010?

Ulipiga kura kwenye uchaguzi uliopita wa wabunge
wa 2010?

YES 1

NO 2

. 604

603

Who decided for who you should vote for in the last
parliamentary election?

Nani alikufanyia uamuzi wa umpe kura nani kwenye
uchaguzi wa bunge uliopita?

MYSELF 1

MY HUSBAND 2

COMMUNITY LEADERS 3

THE PARTY 4

TEN CELL LEADERS 5

PARENTS 6

OTHER ______________________ 96

(SPECIFY)

605

604

What was the main reason you did not vote?

DISAGREEMENT WITH HUSBAND 1

I WASN’T AWARE 2

Nisababu zipi za msingi zilizokuzuia kupiga kura?

NO ELECTORAL CARD. 3

LACK OF TIME 4

DOES NOT CONCERN WOMEN 5

DID NOT HAVE THE AGE TO VOTE 6

OTHER____________________ 96

(SPECIFY)

605

Do you have any knowledge on GBV laws?

Je, unao ufahamu wowote juu ya sheria zinazohusu
unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

YES 1

NO 2

606

In the last 12 months, have you expressed your
opinion in a public meeting, local government,
religious leaders meeting regarding gender based
violence?

Miezi 12 iliyopita,umetoa maoni yako kwenye
mikutano ya hadhara, serikali za mitaa, viongozi wa
kidini mikutano inayohusiana na unyanyasaji wa
kijinsia?

YES 1

NO 2

607

During the past 12 months, have you been a member
of any council advisory team for any community

YES 1

conflict resolution?

Miezi 12 iliyopita, umewahi kuwa mjumbe wa baraza
lolote la usuluhishi?

NO 2

608

Je ukipata unyanayasaji wa kijinsia wapi unaenda?

HOSPITALI 1

POLISI 2

SERIKALI ZA MITAA 3

VITUO VYA MSAADA WA KISHERIA 4

NYINGINE————————————-96

SPECIFY

609

Je umeshapata elimu yeyote kuhusiana na
unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

YES 1

NO 2

610

In your opinion does the quality of relationship and
credibility developed with policy actors?

Kwa mtazamo wako, je ubora wa mahusiano na
uaminifu umejengeka miongoni mwenu na mamlaka
husika (i.e. polisi,hospitali,serikali za mitaa na vituo
vya msaada wa sheria?

YES 1

NO 2

611

What specific rights are you aware of?

Ni haki zipi unazozifahamu?

RIGHT TO EDUCATION A

HEALTH B

FOOD C

PROTECTION D

TO BE HEARD E

TO AN IDENTITY F

ASSOCIATION G

PARTICIPATION H

TO PLAY I

OTHER ____________________ X

(SPECIFY)

DON’T KNOW Z

612

Je unafahamu maana ya neno usawa wa kijinsia
linavyotumika katika kijiji/eneo hili

YES 1

NO 2

613

Je unafahamu maana ya neno uwezeshaji wa
wanawake (empowerement) linavyotumika katika
kijiji/eneo lenu?

YES 1

NO 2

SECTION 5: SELF IMAGE/CONFIDENCE & SOCIAL POSITION

THIS SECTION AND THE FOLLOWING ONE ARE ONLY FOR FEMALE RESPONDANTS

700

ENUMARATOR CHECK

RESPONDANT IS A FEMALE . RESPONDANT IS A MALE .

. END

On a scale from 1-4, with 1 =strongly disagree; 2=somehow disagree; 3=somehow agree; 4= strongly agree. Please rate the following statements:

Kwa kipimo cha 1-4 ,Ikimaanisha: 1=Nakataa kabisa,2=Nakataa kiasi, 3= Nakubali kiasi, 4=Nakubali

kabisa. Tafadhali pima sentensi zifuatazo:

No.

STATEMENTS

WOMAN SELF ESTEEM

I can resolve GBV problems on my own

Naweza kutatua matatizo ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia mimi mwenyewe.

If somebody opposes me, usually I can find a way to get what I want

Mtu akipingana na mimi, mara nyingi naweza kupata ufumbuzi wa yale ninayo
yahitaji

I always find some way to deal with problems that confront me

Mara nyingi natafuta ufumbuzi kutatua matatizo yanayo nikikabili.

I can influence my husband’s decision making.

Naweza kuwa na ushawishi mkubwa kwa maamuzi ya mume wangu

I can take action to improve my life

Naweza kuchukua uamuzi ili kuboresha maisha yangu

I can influence important decisions in my community

Naweza kushawishi maamuzi muhimu kwenye jamii yangu

I am confident to speak in community meetings

Ninaujasili wa kuzungumza kwenye mikutano ya kijamii

WOMAN PERCEPTION OF HER SOCIAL POSITION

My husband shows me respect

Mume wangu ananiheshimu

My husband value my role in the household

Mume wangu anathamini mchango wangu kwenye kaya

Other members of the extended family show me respect

Ndugu zangu wengine wananiheshimu

People in the community ask and value my opinion

Watu katika jumuiya yangu huniuliza na kuthamini ushauri wangu

People in the community respect me

Watu katika jumuiya yangu wananiheshimu

SECTION 6: HOUSEHOLD DECISION MAKING

QUESTION

ANSWER/CODE

GO TO

FILTER CHECK QUESTION 122

THE RESPONDANT IS NOT MARRIED . 801.2

THE RESPONDANT IS MARRIED (Q122=4 OR 5)

800

Has your husband used abusive language in the
past 12 months?

Mume wako aliwahi kukutukana kwa miezi 12

YES 1

NO 2

iliyopita?

801

In general, who in your household decides about
the Household financial expenses allocation?

Kwa ujumla ni nani anayetoa maamuzi ya matumizi
ya fedha katika kaya?

ME 1

MY HUSBAND 2

ME AND MY HUSBAND 3

OTHER______________________ 6

(SPECIFY)

801.1

Do you have the right to inherit from your
husband (in case of his death)?

Je unahaki ya kurithi kutoka kwa mume wako
ikitokea amefariki?

YES 1

NO 2

801.2

Have you experienced any physical violence during
the last 12 months?

Je umeshawahi kupata shambulio la kimwili ndani
ya miezi 12 iliyopita?

YES 1

NO 2

.802

801.3

Who was responsible for this physical violence?

SEXUAL PARTNER A

Nani alisababisha shambulio hilo la kimwili?

PARENTS B

TEACHERS C

SIBLINGS D

OTHER ________________________X

(SPECIFY)

802

Can you use freely the income from your IGA
without anybody else permission?

Je unaweza kutumia fedha zinazopatikana kutokana
na shughuli za uzalishaji bila hidhini ya mtu yoyote?

YES 1

NO 2

DO NOT CONDUCT IGA 8

803

Can you use freely the production from your field
without anybody else permission?

Je unaweza kutumia mazao ya shamba bila hidhini
ya mtu mwingine?

YES 1

NO 2

DO NOT PRODUCE 8

For each of the items below, please tell us if you believe your contribution (to decision making, to costs) is high, moderate, small, or nonexistent?

Kwa vipengele vifuatavyo, tafadhali tuambie kama unaamini kuwa mchango wako kwenye( kufanya maamuzi na kifedha) ni mkubwa, wastani,kidogo au
hakuna kabisa?

ITEM

CONTRIBUTION DECISIONS

MCHANGO WA MAAMUZI

1 = none, 2=small, 3=moderate, 4 =high

CONTRIBUTION EXPENSES

GHARAMA ZA MCHANGO

1 = none, 2=small, 3=moderate, 4 =high

806

807

808

1. Household children’s
schooling

Kusomesha watoto

1 2 3 4

2. Health of household
members

Afya ya wanakaya

1 2 3 4

Afya

3. Food for household members

Chakula cha wanakaya

1 2 3 4

4. Housing, including house
repair, acquisition of new land,
etc.

Makazi, ikiwemo marekebisho
ya nyumba, manunuzi ya ardhi
na vinginevyo

1 2 3 4

5. Household equipment for
domestic and productive goods

Vifaa vya ndani na bidhaa za
uzalishaji

1 2 3 4

SECTION 8 : ENHANCED COLLECTIVE ACTIVISM ON GBV, STRENGTHENED CAPACITY OF INSTITUTIONS DEALING WITH GBV ISSUES AND IMPROVED LEGAL
AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS RESPONDING TO GBV

Appendix II : Questions to Media houses

QUESTION GUIDES FOR KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS – MEDIA PERSONNEL

Name of Media house :_____________________________________________

Title of media house représentative :___________________________________

District:_____________________________________________________________

Contact Details:_____________________________________________________________

N°

QUESTION

ANSWER/CODE

GO TO

503

How many GBV RADIO/TV programmes are produced
by the media house for the last twelve months?

Programu ngapi za GBV za Radio/TV zinazalishwa katika
shirika hili la habari kwa kipindi cha miezi kumi na mbili
iliopita?

+-+

504

What was the composition of the GBV themes , did it
include the following?

Ubakaji

Ubakaji wa watoto chini ya miaka 18

Mirathi

Kulazimishwa ndoa kwa watoto chini ya miaka 18

Ukeketaji

Nafasi za wanawake katika siasa

UBAKAJI

MIRATHI

KE NASIASA

MILA

NDOA
UTOTONI

UKEKETAJI

YES

505

How many editors have been trained on how to report
on GBV?

Ni wahariri wangapi wamepata mafunzo ya nayo husu
kuripoti masuala ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

+—+

506

How many journalist have been trained on GBV?

Waandishi wa habari wangapi waliopata mafunzo ya
unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

+—+

507

Ni kwa kiwango gani cha uandishi wa makala unaweza
sema kimeongezeka kwa mafunzo waliokwisha ya pata
ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

GOOD 1

AVERAGE 2

BAD 3

.509

508

Nini ilikuwa sababu ya kutoandika makala nzuri za
unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

UELEWA A

KOSA ARII B

FEDHA C

SABABU
NYINGINE____________________ X

(SPECIFY)

509

How many of Women were interacted with your media
house on GBV issues?

Ni wanawake wangapi wamewasiliana na shirika lako
la habari kuzungumzia masuala ya unyanyasaji wa
kijinsia?

+—+

Appendix III: Questions to GEWE II partners (TAMWA, TGNP, CRC, TAWLA, ZAFELA)

QUESTION GUIDES FOR KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS – PARTNER ORGANIZATION’ PERSONNEL

Name of Partner organization:_______________________________________

Title:_______________________________________________________________

District:___________________________________________________________

Contact Details:_____________________________________________________________

N°

QUESTION

CODE

GO TO

512

Ni kiasi gani cha wanawake walio hudumiwa kwa
kesi za unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

1. Wete +—+

+—+

2. Unguja Magharibi +—+

+—+

3. Unguja kusini +—+

+—+

4. Kisarawe +—+

+—+

5. Mvomero +—+

+—+

6. Newala +—+

+—+

7. Lindi Vijijini +—+

+—+

8. Ruangwa +—+

513

Ni aina gani ya kesi za unyanyasaji wa kijinsia
zilizoshughurikiwa?

UBAKAJI

MIRATHI

KE NASIASA

MILA

NDOA UTOTONI

UKEKETAJI

NYINGINE _________ _______

(TAJA)

514

Ni kiasi gani cha Wakusanyaji wa habari wa
unyanyasaji wa kijinsia kilichopo katika ngazi ya
chini?

1. Wete +—+

+—+

2. Unguja Magharibi +—+

+—+

3. Unguja kusini +—+

+—+

4. Kisarawe +—+

+—+

5. Mvomero +—+

+—+

6. Newala +—+

+—+

7. Lindi Vijijini +—+

+—+

8. Ruangwa +—+

515

Ni kiasi gani cha animators(Wahamasishaji)
kilichopo katika shirika lako?

+—+

516

Ni Kiasigani cha ujumbe/ ushauri umekwisha
tolewa na shirika lako kutokana na utafiti moja
kwa moja kwa jamii?

1. Wete +—+

+—+

2. Unguja Magharibi +—+

+—+

3. Unguja kusini +—+

+—+

4. Kisarawe +—+

+—+

5. Mvomero +—+

+—+

6. Newala +—+

+—+

7. Lindi Vijijini +—+

+—+

8. Ruangwa +—+

517

Ni mara ngapi miongozo ya bajeti imekuwa
ikifanyiwa mapitio kwa madhumuni ya
kuiboresha masuala ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

Bajeti +—+

+—+

PER +—+

+—+

518

Ni idadi gani ya waliokuwa wakishiriki
makongamanoyla kijinsia

1. Wete +—+

+—+

2. Unguja Magharibi +—+

+—+

3. Unguja kusini +—+

+—+

4. Kisarawe +—+

+—+

5. Mvomero +—+

+—+

6. Newala +—+

+—+

7. Lindi Vijijini +—+

+—+

8. Ruangwa +—+

519

Nikiasi gani cha wataalam wa sheria ngazi za
jamii (Paralegals) wamepata mafunzo ya sheria
juu ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

1. Wete +—+

+—+

2. Unguja Magharibi +—+

+—+

3. Unguja kusini +—+

+—+

4. Kisarawe +—+

+—+

5. Mvomero +—+

+—+

6. Newala +—+

+—+

7. Lindi Vijijini +—+

+—+

8. Ruangwa +—+

517

Nikiasi gani cha watoa nasaha ngazi za jamii
(Animators) wamepata mafunzo ya sheria juu ya
unyanyasaji wa kijinsia?

1. Wete +—+

+—+

2. Unguja Magharibi +—+

+—+

3. Unguja kusini +—+

+—+

4. Kisarawe +—+

+—+

5. Mvomero +—+

+—+

6. Newala +—+

+—+

7. Lindi Vijijini +—+

+—+

8. Ruangwa +—+

518

Kumefanyika duru ngapi za majadiliano na
wadau kuhusu changamoto zinazozipata taasisi
zinazo shughurika na masuala ya unyanyasaji wa
kijinsia ?

+—+

519

Je kuna Kiasi gani cha wafanyakazi waliopatiwa
mafunzo yanayohusu unyanyasaji wa kijinsia ?

+—+

520

Je ni kiasi gani cha wateja waliokwisha pata
huduma na msaada wa kisheria

1. Wete +—+

+—+

2. Unguja Magharibi +—+

+—+

3. Unguja kusini +—+

+—+

4. Kisarawe +—+

+—+

5. Mvomero +—+

+—+

6. Newala +—+

+—+

7. Lindi Vijijini +—+

+—+

8. Ruangwa +—+

521

Ni kiasi gani cha mikutano ya ushawishi
iliokwisha fanyika ?

1. Wete +—+

+—+

2. Unguja Magharibi +—+

+—+

3. Unguja kusini +—+

+—+

4. Kisarawe +—+

+—+

5. Mvomero +—+

+—+

6. Newala +—+

+—+

7. Lindi Vijijini +—+

+—+

8. Ruangwa +—+

522

Je ni idadi gani ya sheria na sera za unyanyasaji
wa kijinsia zimekwisha fanyiwa mapitio ?

+—+

Zitaje

523

Je ni idadi gani ya miswada ya unyanyasaji wa
kijinsia inayohusu ndoa imepitiwa ?

+—+

Itaje

524

Je ni kiasi gani cha machapisho ya taarifa, elimu
na mawasiliano yamechapishwa na
kusambazwa ?

+—+

Appendix Iv: Question Guidelines for Key Informant Interviews

QUESTION GUIDES FOR KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS SOCIAL WORKER OFFICIALS

Name:___________________________________________________________

Title:_____________________________________________________________

District:____________________________________________________________

Contact Details:_____________________________________________________________

1. What is your understanding of gender based violence? Which forms of gender based violence do you know? (PROBE to get a number of different offences
and their definitions)

2. Which of these cases do you think occur in your district? How frequent do they occur?

3. What are the causes for gender based violence?

4. What do you understand by the term “equality”, “Empowerment”, and “Right”

5. Are any cases of gender based violence reported to you? If yes, how do you handle them? If not, whom are they reported to?

6. Once a case is reported? What are the procedures followed? Who is involved? Are there challenges with these procedures? Which improvements could
be made?What are the followup mechanism ?

7. Are the cases reported soon after the offence has happened? If not, why do you think there are delays in reporting the cases?

8. Who are the common Victims of gender based violence?

9. Who are the common offenders of gender based violence?

10. What are the effects that gender based violence has on a) the GBV survivors and their families, b) the offenders and their families, c) the community, d)
the governmental bodies? Do you have records of GBV cases ?

11. What can be done to prevent cases of gender based violence within your district? Who has to do what? What has to be changed? (PROBE to get exact
answers as to who should do what and try to avoid general recommendations.)How is involvement of women in your district ? What are their roles

12. Are the resources for GBV cases available in your district ?

Appendix V: Question Guides for Key Informant Interviews – Health Personnel

Name:_____________________________________________________________

Title:______________________________________________________________

Health Center/clinic:_______________________________________________________

District:____________________________________________________________

Contact Details:____________________________________________________________

Which forms of gender based violence do you know? (PROBE to get a number of different offences and their defininition)

What do you understand by the term “equity”, “Empowerment”, and “Right”

3. Do you receive patients complaining of gender based violence? If yes, what nature are the cases you receive?

4. On average, how many cases do you receive a year? Has there been a change over the years? If yes, can you give an explanation of the causes of the
increase or decrease?

5. Do these patients come soon after they have been offended or not? If not, what do you think are the causes in delays of reporting?

6.. What do you do when such patients come to you? What are the steps you take?

7. Are you aware of the evidence required to prove gender based violence for prosecution? If yes, what kind of evidence is needed? Do you receive requests
to provide such evidence?

8. Are you the first person GBV survivors turn to? If yes, which steps do you take and whom do you recommend them to report to next? If not, whom have
they been reporting to first?

9. Do you have enough personnel to handle such cases? What kind of specific training do you/they have to handle patients that have faced gender based
violence? What kind of additional training is required?

10. What problems do you meet when carrying out the examination?

11. In your opinion, how are cases of gender based violence commonly handled within the community if the GBV survivors are not reporting to you?

12. Who should be the key players in collecting evidence and handling cases of gender based violence?

13. How can the processes be improved?

14. What success have you achieved in dealing with GBV ?

Appendix Vi: Question Guides for Key Informant Interviews – Police Personnel

Name:______________________________________________________________

Title:_______________________________________________________________

Station:_____________________________________________________________

District_____________________________________________________________

Contact Details:___________________________________________________

Do you receive any cases of gender based violence at this station?

What do you understand by the term “equity”, “Empowerment”, and “Right”

3. Please name the different cases of gender based violence you receive (PROBE how many different ones they know/mention apart from rape and
defilement – agree on the definition used by both parties, interviewee and interviewer)?

4. Do you think all cases are reported? If not, what are the reasons why they are not reported?

5. Are the cases reported immediately after the offence has happened or not? If not, what do you think causes the delay in reporting? Do you have gender
desk in your station ?

6. Are all offenders of gender based violence who are reported to this station charged? Why are some cases dropped and never charged? What happens to
the GBV survivors and the offenders in such cases?

7. What can be done to raise the numbers of offences reported and charged?

8. What do you do once a case of gender based violence is reported? What are the procedures that you follow? What are the trial requirements and
procedures followed to reach conviction?

9. What problems do you meet when carrying out investigations?

10. What do you think is the best way to handle cases of gender based violence? Who should be the key players (for reporting the case, making arrest,
collecting evidence, trial, prosecute)?

11. In your opinion, what does the community know about the laws regarding gender based violence?

12. What can be done to raise the responsiveness of the community and the level of understanding the dangers and gravity of gender based violence?

13. Are the gender desk trained in GBV ?

14 Are there any discipline measures taken when the GBV cases has been mishandled ?

Appendix Vii : Question Guides for Key Informant Interviews – Teacher

Name:___________________________Title:_______________________________

School:___________________District :________________________

What do you consider the right age for a girl and a boy to start sexual relations? Why? Is there a difference between boys and girls, if so, why?

What do you understand by the term “equity”, “Empowerment”, and “Right”

3. What is your understanding of gender based violence? Which forms of gender based violence do you know? (PROBE to get a number of different offences
and their definitions)

4. Has any of these cases occured in your school? If yes, which? How often do they occur? What is the sex of the GBV survivors/ offender? What is the age
of the survivors/ offender?

5. If yes, how are such cases handled by the school authorities? (who is involved at which step?)

6. What do you think are the causes of gender based violence? Please mention some of the cases that have happened in the school as examples: why did
they happen and who were the offenders?

7. What are the consequences of gender based violence on a) the survivor, b) the survivor’s family (and community), c) the offender and the offender’s
family, d) the school environment?

8. Are there sexual acts between pupils and teachers that are not reported at your school (or between teachers or between students)? What are those acts?
Why are they not reported? What prevents the GBV survivors from reporting? Who are the offenders?

9. If a pupil (or teacher) reports a case of abuse to you: what advice would you give him/her? How can you help the survivor? Where would you advise the
survivor to report the act? Why? What do you think is the appropriate punishment?

10. What can be done to prevent gender based violence within the school environment?

11. What do you suggest as appropriate behaviors that pupils can adopt to avoid dangers of being victims to gender based violence? What do you suggest is
the appropriate conduct for teachers towards their pupils?

12. How can the school environment, the teachers, the parents, the community improve to prevent such offences?

Appendix VII: Question Guidelines for Focus Group Discussions

GUIDELINES FOR FOCAL GROUP DISCUSSIONS – COMMUNITY MEMBERS FEMALE

Location:______________________________________________________

Date:_________________________________________________________

Time discussion started:_________________ time ended:______________

Participants total:_____________

Introduction

1. Introduce facilitators (who you are and the organization)

2. Introduction community members

3. Explain the purpose of the visit: “We want to understand issues of GBV in your community. We will be doing similar interviews with different groups.”

4. Explain how all answers will be treated confidentially: “We will treat all answers with respect and will not share them except as general answers
combined from all people who talk to us. We will not give names of individuals, to make you feel comfortable talking with us. Participation in the
discussions is completely voluntary and you do not have to answer any questions that you do not want to answer.”

Ask community members whether they are willing to participate in the group interviews.

Discussion Guide

1. What problems have women and girls experienced regarding GBV in your community? (PROBE on GBV violence)

2. Can you give examples of gender based violence?

3. Let us do some RANKING together. Here is a list of GBV – each of you has the chance to rank the first, second and third worse offence. (PROBE why the
choices are made and why other offences are not considered to be bad)

4. When and where does GBV occur? (POSSIBILITY of initiating a COMMUNITY MAPPING to identify those places that are most unsafe)

5. Who are the perpetrators? What happens to the perpetrators?

6. What are the problems that the women and girls face after the attacks? (PROBE physical, social, and psychological problems)

7. How do GBV survivors of sexual violence cope after the attack?

8. How do community members respond when GBV occurs? What is done to prevent violence? What is done to help survivors? How could these efforts be
improved? Do support networks exist within the communities?

9. What social and legal services exist to help address these problems? (PROBE health, police, legal counseling) Who provides these services? How could
these efforts be improved? How accessible are they?

10. Has the problem of GBV gotten worse, better, or remained the same over the last 5 years? (POSSIBILITY of drawing a TIMELINE if the participants agree
that a lot has changed. PROBE to find out the reasons why they think the changes occurred)

11. What do you understand by the term “equity”, “Empowerment”, and “Right”

12. Do you have forum to discuss GBV issues ? What are the collective followup mechanism ?

Closing

1. Thank people for their time and ideas and express how helpful it has been to the facilitators.

2. Explain the next steps: “we will look at all information and will make a report on the findings which will be disseminated among representatives of the
community who will then pass it on to you.”

Appendix Viii: Focal Group Discussions – Out of School Youth – Female Only

Location:__________________________________________________________

Date:______________________________________________________________

Time discussion started:_________ time ended:______

Participants total:_________:_________________ _

Introduction

1. Introduce facilitators (who you are and the organization)

2. Introduction the youth

3. Explain the purpose of the visit: “We want to understand issues of GBV in your community. We will be doing similar interviews
with different groups.”

talking with us. Participation in the discussions is completely voluntary and you do not have to answer any questions that you do
not want to answer.”

Ask community members whether they are willing to participate in the group interviews.

Discussion Guide

1.What problems have women and girls experienced regarding GBV in your community? (PROBE on sexual violence)

2.Can you give examples of gender based violence?

3.Let us do some RANKING together. Here is a list of GBV – each of you has the chance to rank the first, second and third worse
offence. (PROBE why the choices are made and why other offences are not considered to be bad)

4.When and where does GBV occur? (POSSIBILITY of initiating a COMMUNITY MAPPING to identify those places that are most
unsafe) Why do you think these cases occur?

5.Who are the perpetrators? What happens to the perpetrators?

6.Who are the GBV survivors? What are the problems that the women and girls face after the attacks? (PROBE physical, social,
psychological problems)

7.How do survivors of sexual violence cope after the attack?

8.What are your PEERS’ responses when sexual violence occurs? What is done to prevent violence? What is done to help GBV
survivors? How could these efforts be improved? Do support networks exist among peers or within the community?

9.What social and legal services exist to help address these problems? (PROBE health, police, legal counseling) Who provides
these services? How could these efforts be improved? How accessible are these services?

10.Has the problem of GBV getting worse, better, or remain the same over the last 5 years? (POSSIBILITY of drawing a TIMELINE
if the participants agree that a lot has changed. PROBE to find out the reasons why they think the changes occurred)

11. What do you understand by the term “equity”, “Empowerment”, and “Right”

Closing

1. Thank the youth for their time and ideas and express how helpful it has been to the facilitators.

2. Explain the next steps: “we will look at all information and will make a report on the findings which will be disseminated among
representatives of the community who will then pass it on to you.”

Appendix Ix: Focal Group Discussions – School Children – Female Only

Location:__________________________________________________________

Date______________________________________________________________

Time discussion started:___________ time ended:_________________

Participants total:___________

Introduction

1. Introduce facilitators

2. Introduction school children (who you are and the organization)

3. . Explain the purpose of the visit: “We want understand issues of safety of GBV in your community. We will be doing similar
interviews with different groups.”

talking freely with us. Participation in the discussions is completely voluntary and you do not have to answer any questions that you
do not want to answer.”

Ask school children whether they are willing to participate in the group interviews.

Discussion Guide

5. .What problems have girls experienced regarding GBV in your school/community? (PROBE on violence)

6.Can you give examples of gender based violence?

7. Let us do some RANKING together. Here is a list of GBV – each of you has the chance to rank the first, second and third worse
offence. (PROBE why the choices are made and why other offences are not considered to be bad)

8.When and where does GBV occur? (POSSIBILITY of initiating a SCHOOL MAPPING to identify those places that are most
unsafe, where the girls feel most unsafe)

9. Who are the offenders? What happens to the offenders?

16.Who are the survivors? What are the problems that girls face after the attacks? (PROBE physical, social, psychological
problems)

10.How can school children protect themselves from gender based violence?

11. How do the community members respond when GBV occurs? What is done to prevent violence? What is done to help GBV
survivors? How could these efforts be improved? How accessible are these services?

12.Do support networks exist within the school environment? How does a student report a case? What is done after a student
reports a case of gender based violence?

11. What do you understand by the term “equity”, “Empowerment”, and “Right”

Closing

13. Thank school children for their time and ideas and express how helpful it has been to the facilitators.

14. Explain the next steps: “we will look at all information and will make a report on the findings which will be disseminated among
representatives of the community who will then pass it on to you.”

References

Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. (2004). Basic

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